home-made wines; it quietly comes in as they are getting made, at home or
any other place, and will make people drunk as surely as when it is found
in brandy or any other liquor.

Some of the wines in the stores are made from grape juice, but many more
are made by mixing hurtful and poisonous things together to make the liquor
strong, and give it what is called a fine color and good taste.

_BEER AND ALES._--These are made from grains and hops, which contain no
sugar, it is true, but are composed of starch, which may be changed into
sugar. When a seed of grain is put into the ground and begins to grow, the
starch in it becomes sugar, which feeds the young plant. When a brewer
wishes to make beer, he takes some grain, puts it in a dark place, wets it,
and leaves it to sprout, or begin to grow. Then he puts it into an oven to
dry it, and make it stop growing. This makes what is called _malt_. The
malt is mashed and soaked in warm water to get the sugar out of it; this
forms a liquid called _sweet wort_. The wort is separated from the mashed
grain and boiled; yeast is mixed with it to help it to ferment more
quickly; it soon becomes changed; a dirty yellow scum filled with bubbles
comes to the top, which we know is the poisonous carbonic acid gas; the
other poison, alcohol, stays in the liquid and makes the beer taste good to
those who like it.

Liquors made from grain are called _malt liquors_. Lager beer, and all
kinds of ales and porters, are malt liquors. They make people dull,
sluggish, and stupid who drink much of them. They do much mischief in the
body, though it takes a larger quantity of any one of them to make a person
drunk than it does of whiskey or brandy.

AN ATOM OF
GRAPE SUGAR. CARBONIC ACID GAS. ALCOHOL.
Carbon, 6 atoms. Carbon, 1 atom. Carbon, 2 atoms.
Oxygen, 6 atoms. Oxygen, 2 atoms. Oxygen, 1 atom.
Hydrogen, 12 atoms. Hydrogen, 6 atoms.

SUB-FERMENTED GRAPE SUGAR MAKES 2 atoms of carbonic acid gas and 2 atoms of
alcohol.

ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS
MADE FROM
FRUITS. GRAINS.
_Cider._ _Wines._ _Beer, Ales, etc._
Apples. Grapes, Gooseberries, Barley, Oats,
_Perry._ Currants, Elderberries, Wheat, Peas, etc.
Pears. Blackberries, Cherries,