is sentence,--

"When such a spirit breaks forth into complaint, we are aware how
great must be the suffering that extorts the murmur."

The relation of the parts is as follows:--

we are aware
_______ _____
| |
__| _when such a spirit breaks_
| _forth into complaint_,
|
_how great must be the suffering_
|
that extorts the murmur.

This arrangement shows to the eye the picture that the sentence forms
in the mind,--how the first clause is held in suspense by the mind
till the second, we are aware, is taken in; then we recognize this
as the main statement; and the next one, _how great ... suffering_,
drops into its place as subordinate to _we are aware_; and the last,
_that ... murmur_, logically depends on _suffering_.

Hence the following definition:--

[Sidenote: _Definition._]

368. A complex sentence is one containing one main or independent
clause (also called the principal proposition or clause), and _one or
more_ subordinate or dependent clauses.

369. The elements of a complex sentence are the same as those of
the simple sentence; that is, each clause has its subject, predicate,
object, complements, modifiers, etc.

But there is this difference: whereas the simple sentence always has a
word or a phrase for subject, object, complement, and modifier, the
complex sentence has _statements_ or _clauses_ for these places.

CLAUSES.

[Sidenote: _Definition._]

370. A clause is a division of a sentence, containing a verb with
its subject.

Hence the term _clause_ may refer to the main division of the complex
sentence, or it may be applied to the others,--the dependent or
subordinate clauses.

[Sidenote: _Independent clause._]

371. A principal, main, or independent clause is one making a
statement without the help of any other clause.

[Sidenote: _Dependent clause._]

A subordinate or dependent clause is one which makes a statement
depending upon or modifying some word in the principal clause.

[Sidenote: _Kinds._]

372. As to their office in the sentence, clauses are divided into
NOUN, ADJECTIVE, and ADVERB clauses, according as they are equivalent
in use to nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

Noun Clauses.

373. Noun clauses have the following uses:--

(1) _Subject_: "_That such m