er and country, kept a
kind of vigil there every twenty years, with his crew of the
Half-moon, being permitted in this way to revisit the scenes of his
enterprise, and keep a guardian eye upon the river and the great city
called by his name; that his father had once seen them in their old
Dutch dresses playing at ninepins in a hollow of the mountain; and
that he himself had heard, one summer afternoon, the sound of their
balls, like distant peals of thunder.

VERBALS.

PARTICIPLES.

[Sidenote: _Careless use of the participial phrase._]

450. The following sentences illustrate a misuse of the participial
phrase:--

Pleased with the "Pilgrim's Progress," my first collection was of
John Bunyan's works.--B. FRANKLIN.

My farm consisted of about twenty acres of excellent land, having
given a hundred pounds for my predecessor's goodwill.--GOLDSMITH.

Upon asking how he had been taught the art of a cognoscente so
suddenly, he assured me that nothing was more easy.--_Id._

Having thus run through the causes of the sublime, my first
observation will be found nearly true.--BURKE

He therefore remained silent till he had repeated a paternoster,
being the course which his confessor had enjoined.--SCOTT

Compare with these the following:--

[Sidenote: _A correct example._]

Going yesterday to dine with an old acquaintance, I had the
misfortune to find his whole family very much dejected.--ADDISON.

[Sidenote: _Notice this._]

The trouble is, in the sentences first quoted, that the main subject
of the sentence is not the same word that would be the subject of the
participle, if this were expanded into a verb.

[Sidenote: _Correction._]

Consequently one of two courses must be taken,--either change the
participle to a verb with its appropriate subject, leaving the
principal statement as it is; or change the principal proposition so
it shall make logical connection with the participial phrase.

For example, the first sentence would be, either "_As I was_ pleased,
... my first collection was," etc., or "Pleased with the 'Pilgrim's
Progress,' I made my first collection John Bunyan's works."

Exercise.--Rewrite the other four sentences so as to correct the
careless use of the participial phrase.

INFINITIVES.

[Sidenote: _Adverb between_ to _and the infinitive._]

451. There is a construction which is becoming more and more common
among