ively. (J. H. F.)

FOOTNOTE:

[1] No satisfactory etymology of the name has been given; although
the first part is usually referred to [Greek: aphros] ("the sea
foam"), it is equally probable that it is of Eastern origin. F.
Homoll (_Jahrbucher fur classische Philologie_, cxxv., 1882) explains
it as a corruption of Ashtoreth; for other derivations see O. Gruppe,
_Griechische Mythologie_, ii. p. 1348, note 2.

APHTHONIUS, of Antioch, Greek sophist and rhetorician, flourished in the
second half of the 4th century A.D., or even later. Nothing is known of
his life, except that he was a friend of Libanius and of a certain
Eutropius, perhaps the author of the epitome of Roman history. We
possess by him [Greek: Progumnhasmata], a text-book on the elements of
rhetoric, with exercises for the use of the young before they entered
the regular rhetorical schools. They apparently formed an introduction
to the [Greek: Thechne] of Hermogenes. His style is pure and simple, and
ancient critics praise his "Atticism." The book maintained its
popularity as late as the 17th century, especially in Germany. A
collection of forty fables by Aphthonius, after the style of Aesop, is
also extant.

Spengel, _Rhetores Graeci_, ii.; Finckh, _Aphthonii Progytnnasmata_
(1865); Hoppichler, _De Theone, Hermogene, Aphthonioque
Pro-gymnasmatum Scriptoribus_ (1884); edition of the fables by Furia
(1810).

APHTHONIUS, AELIUS FESTUS, Latin grammarian, possibly of African origin,
lived in the 4th century A.D. He wrote a metrical handbook in four
books, which has been incorporated by Marius Victorinus in his system of
grammar.

Keil, _Gratnmatici Latini_, vi.; Schultz, _Quibus Auctoribus Aelius
Festus Aphthonius usus sit_ (1885).

APICIUS, the name of three celebrated Roman epicures. The second of
these, M. Gavius Apicius, who lived under Tiberius, is the most famous
(Seneca, Consol. ad Helviam, 10). He invented various cakes and sauces,
and is said to have written on cookery. The extant _De Re Coquinaria_
(ed. Schuch, 1874), a collection of receipts, ascribed to one Caelius
Apicius, is founded on Greek originals, and belongs to the 3rd century
A.D. It is probable that the real title was Caelii _Apicius_, Apicius
being the name of the work (cp. Taciti _Agricola_), and _De Re
Coquinaria_ a sub-title.

APICULTURE (from Lat. _apis_, a bee), bee-keeping (see BEE). So also
other compounds of