troops in Wales, were the first that declared themselves; and they
drew together a considerable army in those parts, which were extremely
devoted to the royal cause. An insurrection was raised in Kent by young
Hales and the earl of Norwich. Lord Capel, Sir Charles Lucas, Sir George
Lisle, excited commotions in Essex. The earl of Holland, who had several
times changed sides since the commencement of the civil wars, endeavored
to assemble forces in Surrey. Pomfret Castle, in Yorkshire, was
surprised by Morrice. Langdale and Musgrave were in arms, and masters of
Berwick and Carlisle in the north.

What seemed the most dangerous circumstance, the general spirit of
discontent had seized the fleet. Seventeen ships, lying in the mouth of
the river, declared for the king; and putting Rainsborow, their admiral,
ashore, sailed over to Holland, where the prince of Wales took the
command of them.[*]

* Clarendon, vol. v. p. 137.

The English royalists exclaimed loudly against Hamilton's delays, which
they attributed to a refined policy in the Scots as if their intentions
were, that all the king's party should first be suppressed, and the
victory remain solely to the Presbyterians. Hamilton, with better
reason, complained of the precipitate humor of the English royalists,
who, by their ill-timed insurrections, forced him to march his
army before his levies were completed, or his preparations in any
forwardness.

No commotions beyond a tumult of the apprentices, which was soon
suppressed, were raised in London: the terror of the army kept the
citizens in subjection. The parliament was so overawed, that they
declared the Scots to be enemies, and all who joined them traitors.
Ninety members, however, of the lower house had the courage to dissent
from this vote.

Cromwell and the military council prepared themselves with vigor and
conduct for defence. The establishment of the army was at this time
twenty-six thousand men; but by enlisting supernumeraries the regiments
were greatly augmented, and commonly consisted of more than double their
stated complement.[*]

* Whitlocke, p. 284.

Colonel Horton first attacked the revolted troops in Wales, and gave
them a considerable defeat. The remnants of the vanquished threw
themselves into Pembroke, and were there closely besieged, and soon
after taken by Cromwell. Lambert was opposed to Langdale and Musgrave in
the north, and gained advantages over them. Sir Michael Livesey d