facturer, either for their agreeable flavor or for adulteration.

*Relation of Age to the Effects of Nicotine.*--The use of tobacco by the
young is especially to be deplored. In addition to the harmful effects
observed in those of mature years, nicotine interferes with the normal
development of the body and lays, in many instances, the foundation for
physical and mental weakness in later life. The cigarette is decidedly
harmful, especially when inhalation is practiced, its deadening effects
being in part due to the wrappers, some of which have been shown to
contain arsenic and other poisonous drugs. While dulling the intellect and
weakening the body, cigarette smoking also tends to make criminals of
boys.(113) Parents, teachers, school officers, and all who have the good
of mankind at heart should take every precaution, including that of
setting a good example, to prevent the formation of the tobacco habit by
those of immature years.

*Habit versus Self-control.*--The power of self-control, already emphasized
for its importance in the economical expenditure of the nervous energy, is
of vital importance in its relation to the habits of the body.
Self-control is the chief safeguard against the formation of bad habits
and is the only means of redemption from such habits after they have once
been formed. The persistent cultivation of the power to control the
appetites and the passions, as well as all forms of activity which tend to
injure the body or debase the character, gives a tone to the nervous
system which increases the self-respect and raises the individual to a
_higher plane of life_. The worst habits _can_ be broken and good ones
formed in their stead, if only there is sufficient determination to
accomplish these results. Failure comes from not having the mind
thoroughly "made up" and from not having, back of the desire to do better,
"the strong will of a righteous determination."

*Effects of External Conditions.*--While the inner life and habits have
most to do with the hygiene of the nervous system, a certain amount of
attention may properly be given to those conditions outside of the body
which affect directly or indirectly the state of this system. Noise,
disorder, and confusion act as nervous irritants, but quiet, order, and
system have the opposite effect. There is, therefore, much in the
management of the office, factory, schoolroom, or home that has to do with
the real hygiene of the nerves as well as wit