ctory in
1870, he accepted a post as art manager of the Paris _atelier_ of the
firm of Haviland of Limoges. He was connected by a link of firm
friendship with Manet, Whistler, and all the other fighters in the
impressionist cause, and received all the honours that await the
successful artist in France, including the grade of officer of the
Legion of Honour in 1889.

BRACTON, HENRY DE (d. 1268), English judge and writer on English law.
His real name was Bratton, and in all probability he derived it either
from Bratton Fleming or from Bratton Clovelly, both of them villages in
Devonshire. It is only after his death that his name appears as
"Bracton." He seems to have entered the king's service as a clerk under
the patronage of William Raleigh, who after long service as a royal
justice died bishop of Winchester in 1250. Bracton begins to appear as a
justice in 1245, and from 1248 until his death in 1268 he was steadily
employed as a justice of assize in the south-western counties,
especially Somerset, Devon and Cornwall. During the earlier part of this
period he was also sitting as a judge in the king's central court, and
was there hearing those pleas which "followed the king"; in other words,
he was a member of that section of the central tribunal which was soon
to be distinguished as the king's bench. From this position he retired
or was dismissed in or about the year 1257, shortly before the meeting
of the Mad Parliament at Oxford in 1258. Whether his disappearance is to
be connected with the political events of this turbulent time is
uncertain. He continued to take the assizes in the south-west, and in
1267 he was a member of a commission of prelates, barons and judges
appointed to hear the complaints of the disinherited partisans of Simon
de Montfort. In 1259 he became rector of Combe-in-Teignhead, in 1261
rector of Barnstaple, in 1264 archdeacon of Barnstaple, and, having
resigned the archdeaconry, chancellor of Exeter cathedral; he also held
a prebend in the collegiate church at Bosham. Already in 1245 he enjoyed
a dispensation enabling him to hold three ecclesiastical benefices. He
died in 1268 and was buried in the nave of Exeter cathedral, and a
chantry for his soul was endowed out of the revenues of the manor of
Thorverton.

His fame is due to a treatise on the laws and customs of England which
is sufficiently described elsewhere (see ENGLISH LAW). The main part of
it seems to have been compiled between