ich one monarch is said to
have kept for his own riding, the grooms and stable-boys must have been
counted by hundreds; and an equal or greater number of attendants must
have been required for the camels and elephants, which are estimated
m respectively at 1200 and 12,000. The "workmen" were also probably
a corps of considerable size, continually engaged in repairs or in
temporary or permanent erections.

Other great officials, corresponding more nearly to the "Ministers" of
a modern sovereign, were the _Vzourkhramanatar_, or "Grand Keeper of the
Royal Orders," who held the post now known as that of _Grand Vizier_;
the _Dprapet Ariats_, or "Chief of the Scribes of Iran," a sort of
Chancellor; the _Hazarapet dran Ariats_, or "Chiliarch of the Gate
of Iran," a principal Minister; the _Hamarakar_, a "Chief Cashier" or
"Paymaster;" and the _Khohrdean dpir_, or "Secretary of Council," a sort
of Privy Council clerk or registrar. The native names of these officers
are known to us chiefly through the Armenian writers of the fifth and
seventh centuries.

The Sassanian court, though generally held at Ctesiphon, migrated to
other cities, if the king so pleased, and is found established, at
one time in the old Persian capital, Persepolis, at another in the
comparatively modern city of Dastaghord. The monarchs maintained from
first to last numerous palaces, which they visited at their pleasure and
made their residence for a longer or a shorter period. Four such palaces
have been already described; and there is reason to believe that many
others existed in various parts of the empire. There was certainly one
of great magnificence at Canzaca; and several are mentioned as occupied
by Heraclius in the country between the Lower Zab and Ctesiphon.
Chosroes II. undoubtedly built one near Takht-i-Bostan; and Sapor the
First must have had one at Shapur, where he set up the greater portion
of his monuments. The discovery of the Mashita palace, in a position
so little inviting as the land of Moab, seems to imply a very general
establishment of royal residences in the remote provinces of the empire.

The costume of the later Persians is known to us chiefly from the
representations of the kings, on whose figures alone have the native
artists bestowed much attention. In peace, the monarch seems to have
worn a sort of pelisse or long coat, partially open in front, and with
close-fitting sleeves reaching to the wrist, under which he had a pair
o