e.

ENRICHMENT OF SURFACE may be beautiful for one reason; IMITATION OF
NATURE is beautiful for another. When imitations of natural foliage
are introduced decoratively on a surface, then may it be twice
beautiful--first, in the _principles_ according to which the
distribution is arranged; and secondly, because of the _elements_
which are worked in being beautiful in themselves. Geometrical
elements might be so used as to serve the first end, but can never
fulfill the second: Storiation fulfills the second; but its increase
of interest absorbs the first.

This course of Lectures is intended to treat of Natural foliage,
leaving Artificial foliage to be dealt with at another opportunity. It
is not Historical. The History of the Decorative treatment of Natural
foliage, showing its evolution in the past, is a large and interesting
theme; but, unless this were accompanied by critical remarks based on
given principles, the method might be barren of results. Tradition is
not to be undervalued; but the student should be led to Tradition
through Principles.

It is further intended more especially to apply to the aesthetic use.
When natural foliage is used AEsthetically (i.e., decoratively), then
the Shape of the surface should govern the Mass shape of the foliage,
and there should be Parallelism between them (see Sec. 29). When used
Didactically (i.e., symbolically), then the foliage may be treated
more freely.

Sec. 4.--THE FOUR TREATMENTS.

There are, broadly speaking, four methods of treating Natural foliage.
These may be arranged in a Chart, according to their relation to the
two poles of Art and Science; from Realism (which is all Art and no
Science) to the "Botanical Analysis" method (in which is a little
Science but no Art), thus:

The first two of these methods are Artistic and legitimate: the others
are inartistic and misleading. Before treating of the artistic methods
it will be well to clear the ground by dismissing the others.

ART POLE..........................................SCIENCE POLE

Realism | Conventionalism | Disguised | Botanical
(See Sec. 10). | (See Sec. 14). | Artificialism | Analysis
| | (See Sec. 6). | (See Sec. 5).

Sec. 5.--THE BOTANICAL ANALYSIS TREATMENT.

In this method the student was taught (i) to draw each plant with the
Stem _straightened out_, the Leaves _flattened out_, and the Flowers
represented as in _side elevation