pation. On the West side of the town
there are also traces of a large camp, which was doubtless utilized
by different bodies of invaders and settlers. The oldest historical
mention of Maldon is in 913, when Edward the Elder encamped near it
to oppose an incursion of the Danes.

[Footnote 8: Maldon may be a shortened form of a second
Ca_mul_odunum. _Dun_ would be a _hill-fortress_, and a cross being
erected thereon would give rise to the appellation _Cross Hill_.]

MANCHESTER.--180 miles N.W. of London. (Celtic _man_--a district).

It is situated in the neighbourhood of four rivers, viz., the Irwell,
Medlock, Irk, and Tib. It has been conjectured that at Castlefield
there stood a British fortress, which was afterwards taken possession
of by the soldiers of Agricola; at all events, it would appear to be
certain that a Roman Station of some importance existed in this
locality, as a fragment of a wall still exists. Even up to the end of
the eighteenth century considerable evidences of Roman occupation
were visible in and around Manchester, and from time to time in the
course of excavation (especially during the digging for the
Bridgewater Canal) old-time remains have been found. The coins
recovered were those of Vespasian, Antoninus Pius, Trajan, Hadrian,
Nero, Domitian, Vitellius, and even as late as the time of
Constantine. The period immediately succeeding the Roman occupation
is largely legendary; but up to the seventeenth century there was a
floating tradition that Tarquin, an enemy of Arthur, kept the castle
of Manchester, but was subsequently killed by Launcelot of the Lake.
The town was probably one of the scenes of the preaching of Paulinus,
the celebrated Bishop of York and of Rochester (597-644), and is said
to have been the residence of Ina, King of Wessex, and his queen,
Ethelburga, after he had defeated Ivor, in the year 689. It suffered
greatly from the ravages of the Danes. In Domesday Book, Manchester,
Salford, Rochdale, and Radcliffe are the only places named in
South-east Lancashire.

PORTSMOUTH.--74 miles S.W. of London.

To the north of the harbour is situated Porchester Castle, a ruined
Norman fortress occupying the site of the _Portus Magnus_ of the
Romans. Portsmouth and Southampton must have been used by the Romans
as a passage way to the Isle of Wight, where the remains of villas
show that the island furnished a place of residence for rich and
distinguished Romans.

RE