rs.
The civilization of Babylon was more refined, men gave themselves more
leisure for thought and enjoyment; their manners were less rude, their
ideas less rigid and conservative; they were more inclined towards
intellectual analysis and speculation. So that when we find traces of the
beliefs and useful arts of Mesopotamia on the coasts, and even among the
isles, of the AEgaean, the honour of them must be given to Babylon rather
than to Nineveh.

NOTES:

[82] The _History of the Assyrians and Medes_, which EUSEBIUS (_Preparation
evangelique_, 1, 12, and 41) attributes to the writer whom he calls
ABYDENUS, dates perhaps from the period when the Roman Empire turned its
attention to the basin of the Euphrates and attempted to regain possession
of it. The few extant fragments of this author have been collected in Ch.
MUeLLER'S _Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum_, vol. iv. p. 279. We know
nothing as to when he lived, but he wrote in the Ionian dialect, as did
ARRIAN in his book on India, and it would seem difficult to put him later
than the second century. It is probable that his undertaking belonged to
that movement towards research which began in the reign of Augustus and was
prolonged to the last years of the Antonines.

[83] Damaskiou diadochou aporiai kai luseis peri ton proton archon (edition
published by Kopp, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1826, 8vo), ch. 125. Ch. Emile
RUELLE, _Le Philosophe Damascius; Etude sur sa Vie et ses Ouvrages, suivie
de neuf Morceaux inedits, Extraits du Traite des premiers Principes et
traduits en Latin_ (in the _Revue archeologique_, 1861), fragments i. and
ix.

[84] On this subject the reader should consult M. Fr. LENORMANT'S _La Magie
chez les Chaldeens et les Origines Accadiennes_, Paris: 1874, 8vo. The
English translation, dated 1877, or, still better, the German version
published at Jena in 1878 (_Die Magie und Wahrsagekunst der Chaldaeer_,
8vo), will be found more useful than the French original. Both are, in
fact, new editions, with fresh information.

[85] TIELE, _Manuel de l'Histoire des Religions_ (Leroux, 1880, 8vo). In
our explanation of the Chaldaeo-Assyrian religions we shall follow this
excellent guide, supplementing it by information taken from another work by
the same author, _Histoire comparee des anciennes Religions de l'Egypte et
des Peuples Semitiques_--both from the Dutch.

[86] _A History of Art in Ancient Egypt_, vol. i. pp. 47-57.

[87] At Erzeroum Mr. LAYARD he