quare, single-ramped Chaldaean temple 375

174-176. Transverse section, plan, and horizontal section of a
square, single-ramped, Chaldaean temple 377

177-179. Transverse section, plan, and horizontal section of a
square, double-ramped Chaldaean temple 378

180-182. Square Assyrian temple. Longitudinal section, horizontal
section, and plan 380

183. Map of the ruins of Babylon 383

184. Actual condition of the so-called _Observatory_, at
Khorsabad 387

185. The _Observatory_, restored. Elevation 388

186. The _Observatory_, restored. Plan 389

187. The _Observatory_. Transverse section through A B 390

188. Plan of a small temple at Nimroud 393

189. Plan of a small temple at Nimroud 393

190. Temple with triangular pediment 394

TAIL-PIECES, &c.

Lion's head, gold (French National Library) _Title-page_

Lion's head, glazed earthenware (Louvre) 113

Two rabbits' heads, ivory (Louvre) 334

Cow's head, ivory (British Museum) 363

Eagle, from a bas-relief (British Museum) 398

A HISTORY OF ART

IN

CHALDAEA AND ASSYRIA

CHAPTER I.

THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHALDAEO-ASSYRIAN CIVILIZATION.

Sec. 1.--_Situation and Boundaries of Chaldaea and Assyria._

The primitive civilization of Chaldaea, like that of Egypt, was cradled in
the lower districts of a great alluvial basin, in which the soil was stolen
from the sea by long continued deposits of river mud. In the valley of the
Tigris and Euphrates, as in that of the Nile, it was in the great plains
near the ocean that the inhabitants first emerged from barbarism and
organized a civil life. As the ages passed away, this culture slowly
mounted the streams, and, as Memphis was older by many centuries than
Thebes, in dignity if not in actual existence, so Ur and Larsam were older
than Babylon, and Babylon than Nineveh. The manners and beliefs, the arts
and the written characters of Egypt were carried into the farthest recesses
of