hat known as Campbell's tomb, of the supposed date of about 660 B.C.
It contained a tomb built up in its center, covered by three stones as
struts, over which was a semicircular arch of brick. Near it, also,
are several tombs of private individuals, who were mostly priests of
Memphis. Many of these have false entrances, and several have pits
with their mouths at the top of the tomb. The walls are covered with
the usual paintings representing the ordinary occupations of the
deceased.

_Mummies._--The origin of the process of embalming has been variously
accounted for. The real origin appears to be this: it was a part of
the religious belief of the Egyptians that, as a reward of a
well-spent and virtuous life, their bodies after death should exist
and remain undecayed forever in their tombs, for we find in the "Book
of the Dead" the following inscription placed over the spirits who
have found favor in the eyes of the Great God: "The bodies which they
have forsaken shall _sleep forever_ in their sepulchres, while they
rejoice in the presence of God most high." This inscription evidently
shows a belief in a separate eternity for soul and body; of an eternal
existence of the body in the tomb, and of the soul in the presence of
God. The soul was supposed to exist as long as the body existed. Hence
the necessity of embalming the body as a means to insure its eternal
existence. Some have considered that the want of ground for
cemeteries, and also the excavations made in the mountains for the
extraction of materials employed in the immense buildings of Egypt,
compelled them to have recourse to the expedient of mummification.
Others consider the custom arose rather from a sanitary regulation for
the benefit of the living. According to Mr. Gliddon, mummification
preceded, in all probability, the building of the pyramids and tombs,
because vestiges of mummies have been found in the oldest of these,
and, in fact, the first mummies were buried in the sand before the
Egyptians possessed the necessary tools for excavating sepulchres in
the rock. The earliest mode of mummification was extremely simple; the
bodies were prepared with natron, or dried in ovens, and wrapped in
woolen cloth. At a later period every provincial temple was provided
with an establishment for the purpose of mummification. The bodies
were delivered to the priests to be embalmed, and after seventy days
restored to their friends, to be carried to the place of deposi