25

Lower, middle, and upper status of savagery 26

Lower status of barbarism; it ended differently in the
two hemispheres; in ancient America there was no
pastoral stage of development 27

Importance of Indian corn 28

Tillage with irrigation 29

Use of adobe-brick and stone in building 29

Middle status of barbarism 29, 30

Stone and copper tools 30

Working of metals; smelting of iron 30

Upper status of barbarism 31

The alphabet and the beginnings of civilization 32

So-called "civilizations" of Mexico and Peru 33, 34

Loose use of the words "savagery" and "civilization" 35

Value and importance of the term "barbarism" 35, 36

The status of barbarism is most completely exemplified
in ancient America 36, 37

Survival of bygone epochs of culture; work of the
Bureau of Ethnology 37, 38

Tribal society and multiplicity of languages in aboriginal
America 38, 39

Tribes in the upper status of savagery; Athabaskans,
Apaches, Shoshones, etc. 39

Tribes in the lower status of barbarism; the Dakota
group or family 40

The Minnitarees and Mandans 41

The Pawnee and Arickaree group 42

The Maskoki group 42

The Algonquin group 43

The Huron-Iroquois group 44

The Five Nations 45-47

Distinction between horticulture and field agriculture 48

Perpetual intertribal warfare, with torture and
cannibalism 49-51

Myths and folk-lore 51