On Epidemics [Books I. and III.].
6. On Wounds of the Head.
7. On the Articulations.
8. On Fractures.
9. On the Instruments of Reduction.
10. The Aphorisms [Seven Books].
11. The Oath.

The works "On Fractures," "On the Articulations," "On Injuries to the
Head," and "On the Instruments of Reduction," deal with anatomical or
surgical matters, and exhibit a remarkable knowledge of osteology and
anatomy generally. It has sometimes been doubted if Hippocrates could
ever have had opportunities of gaining this knowledge from dissections
of the human body, for it has been thought that the feeling of the age
was diametrically opposed to such a practice, and that Hippocrates would
not have dared to violate this feeling. The language used, however, in
some passages in the work "On the Articulations," seems to put the
matter beyond doubt. Thus he says in one place, "But if one will strip
the point of the shoulder of the fleshy parts, and where the muscle
extends, and also lay bare the tendon that goes from the armpit and
clavicle to the breast," etc. And again, further on in the same
treatise, "It is evident, then, that such a case could not be reduced
either by succussion or by any other method, unless one were to cut open
the patient, and then, having introduced the hand into one of the great
cavities, were to push outwards from within, which one might do in the
dead body, but not at all in the living."

His descriptions of the vertebrae, with all their processes and
ligaments, as well as his account of the general characters of the
internal viscera, would not have been as free from error as they are if
he had derived all his knowledge from the dissection of the inferior
animals. Moreover, it is indisputable that, within less than a hundred
years from the death of Hippocrates, the human body was openly dissected
in the schools of Alexandria--nay, further, that even the vivisection of
condemned criminals was not uncommon. It would be unreasonable to
suppose that such a practice as the former sprang up suddenly under the
Ptolemies, and it seems, therefore, highly probable that it was known
and tolerated in the time of Hippocrates. It is not surprising, when we
remember the rude appliances and methods which then obtained, that in
his knowledge of minute anatomy Hippocrates should compare unfavourably
with anatomists of the present day. Of histology, and such other
subjects as could not be brought wi