Catholic
Church. He married a Protestant lady, one of the most charming and
brilliant women of her time, the daughter of Madame de Stael, and he was
the intimate friend and associate throughout his public life of M.
Guizot. His son, the present duke, grew up in an atmosphere of practical
religious liberality. It was the law of 1875 restricting the State
monopoly of the higher branches of public education in France which
concentrated against the present duke, under the Marechal Duc de
Magenta, the whole strength of the anti-religious elements in France. It
was not to prevent the restoration of the monarchy by men like the Duc
de Magenta and the Duc de Broglie, whom he well knew to be incapable of
conspiring for any object whatever, that M. Gambetta uttered his
war-cry: '_Le clericalisme c'est l'ennemi!_' It was to rally behind
himself and his own associates in the Republican party the great army of
the Socialistic Radicals in France. It was to make the Conservative
Republic of the Duc de Magenta and the Duc de Broglie impossible, that
the Parliamentary conspirators of 1877 conceived and carried out, under
cover of this war-cry, their scheme for suppressing the Executive in
France. They have, as I believe, succeeded. They have made the
Conservative Republic impossible. What is the result? The result is that
no alternative of anarchy is left to sensible and moderate men in France
but the Monarchy.

This has been growing more and more apparent ever since 1885. In that
year the Legislative elections were made under the _scrutin de liste_;
and when the Government rallied after the shock of the first
Conservative attack, almost all the seats left in peril by that attack
were 'saved' at the supplementary election by surrendering them to
Radical candidates. In 1889, under the fear of Boulanger, the _scrutin
de liste_ was suddenly abandoned for the _scrutin d'arrondissement_, and
the same thing happened again.

At the first election, on September 22, 384 candidates of all parties
were chosen in the 83 departments of France. Of these, 164 were
Government Republicans and 44 Radicals. At the second election, on
October 8, the remaining 177 seats were filled. Of these, 66 were
carried by the Government Republicans, and no fewer than 57 surrendered
to the Radicals. In other words, at the first election the Radicals
secured just about a quarter of the 208 seats carried by the
Republicans. At the second election they secured very near