now the
author's task.

One of those most eminently equipped, by a great variety of qualities,
for the investigation of this subject, or any other question of the
voice, was Madame Seiler. Whenever the author is obliged to differ
from this really great investigator, he does so with the sense of the
highest respect for her opinions generally, because she always sought
for scientific grounds for such opinions. Her views may be thus
briefly presented:

She recognized three registers, chest, falsetto, and head, with their
subdivisions.

(1) The first chest register extends (1) The whole glottis (vocal
to [Illustration: a b-flat] in men, bands) is moved in loose
and to [Illustration: c' c-sharp'] vibrations.
in women.

(2) The second chest register extends (2) The vocal ligaments (or
to [Illustration: f' f-sharp'] in both ligamentous glottis) alone
sexes. are in action.

(3) The first falsetto extends in (3) The edges alone of the
females to [Illustration: c'' c-sharp''] vocal bands vibrate, but the
and in males to [Illustration: e'' whole glottis is in action.
e-flat''].

(4) The second falsetto in the (4) The edges only of the
female extends to [Illustration: vocal bands are used, and the
f'' f-sharp''] and to [Illustration: g''] vocal ligaments alone are in
in women. action.
[Transcriber's Note: So in original;
"female" should probably be "male."]

(5) Above this point head tones (5) Edges only of the vocal
begin. bands in vibration; partial
closure of the ligaments
posteriorly (behind).

It will be noted that Madame Seiler spoke of the vocal bands (cords)
proper as the "ligamentous glottis," and included in the "glottis" the
arytenoid cartilages themselves, or, at all events, that part of them,
their lower anterior angles, known as the vocal processes (or
extensions), to which the vocal bands proper are attached.

The above tabular statement shows (1) that Madame Seiler recognized
five registers for both male and female voices; (2) that she used the
term "falsetto" in a sense different from its ordinary one. Usually
this term is not applied at all to the female voice, but only to that
spec