ls to bring about these results among the masses, it falls short of
its highest end. The science, the art, the literature, that fails to
reach down and bring the humblest up to the enjoyment of the fullest
blessings of our government, is weak, no matter how costly the
buildings or apparatus used or how modern the methods of instruction
employed. The study of arithmetic that does not result in making men
conscientious in receiving and counting the ballots of their
fellow-men is faulty. The study of art that does not result in making
the strong less willing to oppress the weak means little. How I wish
that from the most cultured and highly endowed university in the great
North to the humblest log cabin school-house in Alabama, we could
burn, as it were, into the hearts and heads of all that usefulness,
that service to our brother, is the supreme end of education. Putting
the thought more directly as it applies to conditions in the South,
can you make the intelligence of the North affect the South in the
same ratio that the ignorance of the South affects the North? Let us
take a not improbable case: A great national case is to be decided,
one that involves peace or war, the honour or dishonour of our
nation,--yea, the very existence of the government. The North and West
are divided. There are five million votes to be cast in the South;
and, of this number, one-half are ignorant. Not only are one-half the
voters ignorant; but, because of the ignorant votes they cast,
corruption and dishonesty in a dozen forms have crept into the
exercise of the political franchise to such an extent that the
conscience of the intelligent class is seared in its attempts to
defeat the will of the ignorant voters. Here, then, you have on the
one hand an ignorant vote, on the other an intelligent vote minus a
conscience. The time may not be far off when to this kind of jury we
shall have to look for the votes which shall decide in a large measure
the destiny of our democratic institutions.

When a great national calamity stares us in the face, we are, I fear,
too much given to depending on a short "campaign of education" to do
on the hustings what should have been accomplished in the school.

With this idea in view, let us examine with more care the condition of
civilisation in the South, and the work to be done there before all
classes will be fit for the high duties of citizenship. In reference
to the Negro race, I am confronted with some emb