the Council for
the Indies--Manuel de Rojas again Governor.

CHAPTER XI 122

Development of the Church Establishment in Cuba--The First Bishop--Early
Conflict Between Church and State--Transfer of the Cathedral from
Baracoa to Santiago--A Bishop in Politics--The Governor
Excommunicated--Insurrections and Raids of the Natives--Effective Work
of Rojas against the Cimarrones--Disposal of the "Tame" Indians--Further
Conflicts of Church and State--Intervention of the Crown--Practical
Extermination of the Natives--Reforms that Were not Made--Well Meant
Efforts of Rojas--Failure of Attempts to Civilize the Natives--A Good
Governor Ill Treated--His Resignation and Departure.

CHAPTER XII 137

Guzman's Second Administration--A Masterful Politician--Decline of Cuban
Welfare--An Interregnum in the Governorship--The Coming of De Soto--His
Imposing Arrival at Santiago--Progress Across the Island--Vasco Porcallo
de Figueroa Made De Soto's Lieutenant--Cuba a Stepping Stone to
Florida--De Soto's Removal from Santiago to Havana--Organization of the
Florida Expedition--Report of the First Scouts--Departure of De
Soto--Lady De Soto's Faithful Watch--Tragic Fate of the Explorer--Evil
Effects upon Cuba--Serious Trouble with the Indians--Intrigues of Guzman
and Bishop Sarmiento.

CHAPTER XIII 151

Governorship of Juan de Avila--Royal Order against Slavery in the
Mines--An Appeal to the Council for the Indies--Popular Revolt Against
the Council--De Avila's Marriage to a Rich Widow--Removal to
Havana--Appointment of Antonio Chaves--Scandalous Charges Against de
Avila--The Matter Carried to Spain for Settlement--Another Bad
Administration--Chaves Reprimanded by the King--His Persistence in
Slavery--Hurtado's Indictment of Chaves--Gonzalo de Angulo Made
Governor--Trial and Punishment of Chaves--Emancipation Proclamation.

CHAPTER XIV 165

A Bad Time in Cuban History--Santiago in 1550--Raid of a French
Privateer--The Founding and Rise of Havana--The Founding of Puerto
Principe--Baracoa, Trinidad and Other Settlements--Italians and Other
Aliens in Cuba--Efforts to Populate the Island--Importation of Negro
Slaves--Slaves Treated Humanely--Disappearance of the Native
Indians--The Early Industries of Cuba--Discovery of