Work and Progress--The Problem of Free
Negroes--Features of the Slave System--Some Literally Constructive
Statesmanship--The First Custom House--Trying to Deal with the Land
Question--The Reforms Proposed by Caceres--Development of Stock
Raising--Bad Administration of Torres.

CHAPTER XX 236

Administration of Gabriel de Luzan--Controversies Among Officials--The
Quarrel Between Luzan and Arana--Questions of Official
Residence--Removal of the Royal Accountant--Charges Against the
Governor--Further Efforts to Complete La Fuerza--The Work of
Quinones--Unseemly Personal and Political Feuds--Investigation of the
Governor's Administration--Renewal of the Quarrel with
Quinones--Governor and Captain-General Brought into Accord Through Peril
of an Attack by the British--Desperate Preparations for Defense.

CHAPTER XXI 246

War Between Spain and England--Drake's Conquest of Hispaniola--An Attack
upon Cuba Anticipated--Raising Forces for Defense--Feuds Forgotten in
the Common Emergency--Plans for the Defense of Havana--Increase of the
Garrison--Admirable Unity of the People--Drake's Approach to Cuba--His
Landing at the Western End of the Island--Appearance of his Fleet off
Havana--Departure of Drake's Fleet without an Assault--His Doings at St.
Augustine and in the North--Reasons for Not Attacking Havana--Disaster
to Santiago--That City Destroyed by the French--Rebuilt by an Energetic
Patriot--Interest in Copper Mining.

CHAPTER XXII 260

Drake's Menace a Blessing to Cuba--Spanish Interest in Cuba for Its Own
Sake--The Governorship of Tejada--The Public Works of
Antonelli--Building Roads, Dams and Aqueducts--Havana Made a Real
City--Controversy with Bishop Salcedo--Appreciation of Tejada's
Services--Accession of Barrionuevo--Progress of Civilization in
Cuba--The First Theatrical Performance.

CHAPTER XXIII 267

Changes in European Nations--Rise of the Protectionist
Policy--Retaliation by Smugglers--Hostilities against Spain--Prevalence
of Piracy--Some Strong Governors of Cuba--Good Works of Maldonado and
Valdes--Invasions by Pirates--Division of the Island--Interest in
Religious Affairs--Successive Governors Working at Cross
Purposes--Building a Fleet--Protection of the Port of Havana--An Attack
by