of such a precedent for the arrangement which, in 1812,
"he and others advised his Majesty" to consent to. Moreover, the
condemnation passed on it by Mr. Ponsonby, who had been Chancellor of
Ireland in 1806 and 1807, seems a clear proof that he knew nothing of
it, though it is hardly possible that he should have been ignorant of it
if it had existed.]

[Footnote 175: To whom the chief glory of the Waterloo campaign belongs
there can, of course, be no doubt; and though the Austrians and
Prussians put forward a claim to an equal share, and Russia even to a
preponderating one, in the first deposition of Napoleon, he himself
constantly attributed his fall more to the Peninsular contest than to
any of his wars east of the Rhine. And, indeed, it is superfluous to
point out that almost to the last he gained occasional victories over
the Continental armies, but that he never gained one advantage over the
British force; and that Wellington invaded France the first week of
October, 1813--nearly three months before a single Russian or German
soldier crossed the Rhine.]

[Footnote 176: Letter to Sir W. Scott, Twiss's "Life of Lord Eldon,"
ii., 272. It is remarkable that in his "Life of Lord Ellenborough" Lord
Campbell takes no notice of this case.]

[Footnote 177: The opinion of the Attorney and Solicitor General, Sir S.
Shepperd and Sir R. Gifford, is given at length in the author's "Life of
Lord Liverpool," ii., 373.]

[Footnote 178: It is a shrewd observation of Sully, that it is never any
abstract desire for theoretical reforms, or even for increased
privileges, which excites in lower classes to discontent and outrage,
but only impatience under actual suffering.]

[Footnote 179: The bill (entitled "The Seditious Meetings Prevention
Bill"), 60 George III., c. 6, is given at full length in Hansard's
"Parliamentary Debates," series 1., vol. xli., p. 1655.]

[Footnote 180: In the House of Lords the majority was 135 to 38; in the
House of Commons, 851 to 128. And even of this minority, many would have
supported the bill, if the ministers would have consented to adopt an
amendment proposed by Lord Althorp, to limit its operation to a few of
the northern and midland counties, in which alone, as he contended, any
spirit of dangerous disaffection had been exhibited.]

[Footnote 181: It may be as well to mention that these pages were
written in the autumn of 1880.]

CHAPTER VIII.

Survey of the Reign of George III.--T