h his father and the swineherd, who are
still further characterized in their relation. The structure of the
Book falls easily into three portions: first is the separation of
Telemachus from Menelaus and Helen till his departure on the ship;
second is the end to which he is moving just now, the hut of Eumaeus,
where are Ulysses and the swineherd, the latter of whom tells his tale
of discipline and is seen to be a hero too in his sphere; the third
part is the coming of Telemachus.

I. In the departure of Telemachus from Sparta, we witness the divine
and human elements again in co-operation. The former is represented by
Pallas who came down to Sparta to "remind the son of Ulysses of his
Return(_nostos_)." She appears to him in the night as he lies awake
full of care; he is ready to see her plan and so she appears on the
spot and tells it, not in the form of a dream. In the first place, he
is to hasten home in order to save his substance, which is threatened
with new loss through the possible marriage of Penelope with one of the
suitors, Eurymachus. The son (through the mouth of Pallas) here shows
some bitter feeling toward his mother, whose mind be manifestly does
not understand; she is altogether too subtle for her own boy, who has
not seen through her disguises. In the second place Pallas warns him
against the ambush of the Suitors, which was no doubt his own forecast
of the situation. In the third place, the Goddess sends him to the hut
of the faithful swineherd, whose character he must have already known.
In this speech of Pallas we feel everywhere the subjective element; she
is certainly the voice of Telemachus, yet also the voice of the
situation; the divine and human side easily come together, with a
stronger tinge of the human than is usual in Homer. Still we must not
forget that Pallas, Goddess of Intelligence, suggests the processes of
mind more directly than any other deity. Thus we again see that Pallas
is the organizer of the poem; she brings its threads together through
her foresight; she sends Telemachus where he unites with Ulysses and
Eumaeus.

The separation from Menelaus and Helen is told in the style of lofty
hospitality. Menelaus brings as his present a wine-bowl wrought by
divine skill, "the work of Vulcan," which was given him by the king of
the Sidonians--another glance back to Phoenicia and its art. Helen
gives a garment of her own making, which thou shalt preserve as "a
keepsake of Helen" till t