ice will be more
economical than any other which can be adopted.

In latitudes, however, in which it becomes necessary to stall-feed
during several months of the year, barns are indispensable. These should
be warm, and at the same time well ventilated. The barn should be
arranged in a manner suitable to keeping hay and other fodder dry and
sweet, and with reference to the comfort and health of the animals, and
the economy of labor and manure. The size and finish will, of course,
depend on the wants and means of the farmer or dairyman; but many little
conveniences, it should not be forgotten, can be added at comparatively
trifling cost.

The accompanying cut of a barn is given merely as an illustration of a
convenient arrangement for a medium-sized dairy, and not as being
adapted to all circumstances or situations. This barn is supposed to
stand upon a side-hill or an inclined surface, where it is easy to have
a cellar, if desired; and the cattle-room, as shown in the cut, is in
the second story, or directly over the cellar, the bottom of which
should be somewhat dished, or lower in the middle than around the outer
sides, and carefully paved, or laid in cement.

[Illustration: BARN FOR THIRTY-FOUR COWS AND THREE YOKE OF OXEN.]

On the outside is represented an open shed, _m_, for carts and wagons to
remain under cover, thirty feet by fifteen, while _l l l l l l_ are bins
for vegetables, to be filled through scuttles from the floor of the
story above, and surrounded by solid walls. The area of this whole floor
equals one hundred feet by fifty-seven. _k_, is an open space, nearly on
a level with the cow-chamber, through the door _p_. _s_, stairs to the
third story and to the cellar, _d d d_, passage next to the walls, five
feet wide, and nine inches above the dung-pit. _e e e_, dung-pit, two
feet wide, and seven inches below the floor where the cattle stand. The
manure drops from this pit into the cellar below, five feet from the
walls, and quite around the cellar. _c c c_, plank floor for cows, four
feet six inches long. _b b b_, stalls for three yoke of oxen, on a
platform five feet six inches long, _n n_, calf-pens, which may also be
used for cows in calving. _r r_, feeding-troughs for calves. The
feeding-boxes are made in the form of trays, with partitions between
them. Water comes in by a pipe, to cistern _a_. This cistern is
regulated by a cock and ball, and the water flows by dotted lines,
_o o o_, to the boxes;