made a reputation by his
etchings of famous historical buildings. His etching, the "Old Barley
Mill" ranks as one of the best etchings made in this country. A few
other Scottish engravers who produced good work were Robert Campbell,
William Charles (d. Philadelphia, 1820), Alexander L. Dick (1805),
W.H. Dougal (he dropped the "Mac" for some reason), Helen E. Lawson
(daughter of Alexander Lawson already mentioned), John Roberts
(1768-1803), William Main Smillie (1835-88), son of James Smillie
mentioned above, and William Wellstood (1819-1900).

John Crookshanks King (1806-82), born in Kilwinning, Ayrshire,
emigrated to America in 1829, and died in Boston, was celebrated for
his busts of Daniel Webster, John Quincy Adams, Louis Agassiz, the
naturalist, Ralph Waldo Emerson, etc. He also excelled as a maker of
cameo portraits. Thomas Crawford (1814-57), one of the greatest if not
the greatest sculptor of America, was of Scottish descent. His works
include "Armed Liberty" (bronze doors), Beethoven, bust of John
Quincy, Washington, "Orpheus," etc. Frederick William MacMonnies, born
in Brooklyn in 1863 of Scottish parents (his father was a native of
Whithorn, Wigtownshire), is sculptor of the statue of Nathan Hale in
City Hall Park, New York; "Victory" at West Point, etc. Robert
Ingersoll Aitken, born in San Francisco of Scottish parents, is
designer of the monuments to President McKinley at St. Helena,
Berkeley, and in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. He also designed the
monument to the American Navy in Union Square, San Francisco. In 1906
he moved to New York and has executed busts of some of the most
prominent Americans of the day. Notable of his ideal sculptures are
"Bacchante" (1908), "The Flame" (1909), and "Fragment" (1909). John
Massey Rhind, Member of the National Sculpture Society, one of the
foremost sculptors of the present day, was born in Edinburgh in 1858.
James Wilson, Alexander Macdonald (1824-1908), and Hermon Atkins
MacNeil (1866) are also of Scottish origin.

Alexander Milne Calder, born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1846, began
life as a gardener, studied with Alexander Brodie and John Rhind and
in London and Paris, came to America in 1868, and is best known as
having made the sculpture for the Philadelphia City Hall including the
heroic statue of William Penn, which crowns the tower. His son,
Alexander Stirling Calder, born in Philadelphia in 1870, is also a
sculptor of note, and was acting chief of the De