loyed in formulating measures necessary to provide
both the mines and the community of the Rand with a water-supply that
would be at once permanent and economic.

[Footnote 313: Excluding expenditure on the South African
Constabulary and relief and re-settlement, and certain other
charges. Cd. 1,163.]

[Sidenote: The Johannesburg police.]

There remain certain special features of the administrative
reconstruction accomplished in 1901 that merit attention, as showing
the degree in which Lord Milner kept in view the fundamental
necessities of the situation revealed by the Land Settlement and
Irrigation Reports to which reference has been made above. As part of
the work of the Law Department, the Johannesburg Municipal Police had
been organised and placed under the control of Mr. Showers, the late
head of the Calcutta Police.

"This fine body," Lord Milner wrote, "consists mainly of picked
men from the Army Reserve, including many old soldiers of the
Guards, and others who have fought in the war. The men are
dressed like London policemen, but carry rifles. This odd-looking
equipment is characteristic of the double nature of their duties.
On the one hand they do the work of ordinary town police, and
exhibit in that characteristic the same efficiency and civility
as their London prototypes. On the other hand, they have played
an important part in assisting the military and the Rand Rifles
in the defence of the long line, fifty miles in extent of towns
and mining villages which constitute the Rand district. Latterly,
since the enemy have been quite driven out of this part of the
country, the military portion of their duties is diminishing in
importance, though the danger of small raids on outlying portions
of the Rand by parties coming from a distance is not yet wholly
removed. On the other hand, with the return of the civil
population, their work as police proper is greatly on the
increase. In their struggle with the illicit liquor dealers, one
of the most difficult of their duties, they have so far met with
a great measure of success."[314]

[Footnote 314: Cd. 903.]

[Sidenote: South African constabulary.]

Just as here, in the case of the Johannesburg police, so in the
formation of the South African Constabulary and in the reorganisation
of the railways, Lord Milner had determined