and articles "emanating from Holland,"
and translated literally into the somewhat uncouth English of the
text. The author of the work, Mr. C. H. Thomas, was for many years a
burgher of the Free State, where he shared the opinions of President
Brand, and subsequently supported Mr. J. G. Fraser in opposing the
policy of "closer union" with the South African Republic, advocated by
Brand's successor, Mr. F. W. Reitz. The point of view from which the
Dutch of Holland regarded the nationalist movement in South Africa was
succinctly stated in an article published by the Amsterdam
_Handelsblad_ in 1881.

"The future of England lies in India, and the future of Holland
in South Africa.... When our capitalists vigorously develop this
trade, and, for example, form a syndicate to buy Delagoa Bay from
Portugal, then a railway from Capetown to Bloemfontein,
Potchefstroom, Pretoria, Delagoa Bay will be a lucrative
investment. And when, in course of time, the Dutch language shall
universally prevail in South Africa, this most extensive
territory will become a North America for Holland, and enable us
to balance the Anglo-Saxon race."[17]

[Footnote 17: Quoted by Du Toit in _De Patriot_: translation
from the English reprint of _De Transvaalse Oorlog_.]

Carl Borckenhagen, who, with Mr. Reitz,[18] advocated the
establishment of the Bond in 1881, was a German republican. His name
has been associated with Mr. Thomas's summary of the Bond propaganda
in the Free State, because, as editor of _The Bloemfontein Express_ up
to the time of his death, early in 1898, he was probably the most
consistent of all the South African exponents of the nationalist
creed. Certainly it is no exaggeration to say that he converted the
Free State of Brand into the Free State of Steyn.

[Footnote 18: Then Judge, afterwards President of the Free
State, and State-Secretary of the South African Republic in
succession to Dr. Leyds.]

[Sidenote: The doctrine of the Bond.]

"THE BOND PROGRAMME

"The Afrikander Bond has as final object what is summed up in its
motto of 'Afrika voor de Afrikaners.' The whole of South Africa
belongs by just right to the Afrikander nation. It is the
privilege and duty of every Afrikander to contribute all in his
power towards the expulsion of the English usurper. The States of
South Africa to be federated in