which now lives in history only, and is well worth a study.

For ready reference the following is a chronology of the dynasty of
the Ornaiyides, preceded by Muhammad and the first Khalifahs:

A.D.
Muhammad the Apostle 622--632
Abu Bakr 632--634
Omar I. 634--643
Othman 643--655
Ali 655--660
1. Moawia I. 660--679
2. Yazid I. 679--683
3. Moawia II. 683--683
4. Marwan I. 683--684
5. Abdul-Malik 684--705
6. Walid I. 705--715
7. Sulaiman 715--717
8. Omar II. 717--720
9. Yazid II. 720--724
10. Hashim 724--743
11. Walid II. 743--744
12. Yazid III. 744--744
13. Ibrahim 744--744
14. Marwan II. 744--750

The dynasty of the Omaiyides was followed by that of the Abbasides,
who reigned as follows:

A.D.
1. Abul-Abbas As-Saffah 750--754
2. Al-Mansur 754--775
3. Al-Mahdi 775--785
4. Al-Hadi 785--786
5. Harun-ar-Rashid 786--809
6. Al-Amin 809--812
7. Al-Mamun 812--833
8. Al-Mo'tasim Billah 833--842
9. Al-Wathik 842--847
10. Al-Mutwakkil 847--861
11. Al-Mustansir Billah 861--862
12. Al-Mustain Billah 862--866
13. Al-Mo'tiz Billah 866--869
14. Al-Muhtadi Billah 869--870
15. Al-Mo'tamid 870--892
16. Al-Motazid Billah 892--902
17. Al-Muktafi Billah 902--908
18. Al-Muktadir Billah 908--932
19. Al-Kahir Billah 932--934
20. Al-Radhi Billah 934--940
21. Al-Muttaki Billah 940--944
22. Al-Mustakfi Billah 944--945
23. Al-Mutia Billah 945--974
24. Al-Taya Billah 974--991
25. Al-Kadir Billah 991--1031
26. Al-Kaim Billah 1031--1075
27. Al-Muktadi Billah 1075--1094
28. Al-Mustazhir Billah 1094--1118
29. Al-Mustershid Billah 1118--1135
30.