upplied with
guns, ammunition, and other fighting needs.

The people in the British overseas dominions remained loyal, and sent
hundreds of thousands of soldiers to the battle fronts in order to
protect the mother country from threatened defeat. To secure still
greater cooeperation throughout the British Empire, the prime ministers
of the self-governing colonies were invited to places in the British
imperial war conferences.

SUGGESTIONS FOR STUDY.--1. Locate Przemysl, Lemberg, the
Mazurian Lakes, Scarborough, Helgoland, Essen. 2. On an
outline map of Europe indicate the countries engaged in the
war at the end of 1915. Which of these countries had entered
during the year? 3. By use of the scale on your map of Europe
determine the following distances: Ostend to Scarborough;
Berlin to Warsaw; Brussels to Paris. 4. When did the kingdom
of Poland pass out of existence? What became of it? 5. What
was the purpose of the Allies in the Gallipoli campaign? What
would have been the consequences of the success of this
campaign? 6. Collect pictures of Zeppelins, of gas attacks,
and of methods of defense against gas.

REFERENCES.--_War Cyclopedia_ (C.P.I.); _Study of the Great
War_ (C.P.I.); _New York Times History of the European War_;
McKinley, _Collected Materials for the Study of the War;
German War Practices_ (C.P.I.), parts I and II.

CHAPTER X

THE WAR IN 1916

"THEY SHALL NOT PASS!"--Early in 1916 the Germans began a furious
attack on the strong French position at Verdun. This point was a highly
important one for the French, because if it were captured by the enemy,
he could make flank attacks upon their adjoining lines and perhaps
compel a general retreat. The Germans had long been massing materials
and men for the greatest military offensive which the world had ever
seen. Twenty thousand men were placed on each mile of the front for a
distance of twenty-five miles, while hundreds of thousands more were
held in reserve. Thousands of guns of all sizes were brought up for the
attack. Under the command of the German crown prince, the German people
and the whole world were to be shown that the German army was still
invincible.

Beginning on February 21, the titanic struggle around Verdun continued
until July, when the attacks and counter-attacks were gradually
suspended. In the early attacks the French were driven in from advanced
positions, and