menstruation from the urinary tract, which ceased after the
birth of her last child. The coexistence of a floating kidney in this
case may have been responsible for this hemorrhage, and in reading
reports of so-called menstruation due consideration must be given to
the existence of any other than menstrual derangement before we can
accept the cases as true vicarious hemorrhage. Tarnier cites an
instance of a girl without a uterus, in whom menstruation proceeded
from the vagina. Zacutus Lusitanus relates the history of a case of
uterine occlusion, with the flow from the lips of the cervix. There is
mentioned an instance of menstruation from the labia.

The occurrence of menstruation after removal of the uterus or ovaries
is frequently reported. Storer, Clay, Tait, and the British and Foreign
Medico-Chirurgical Review report cases in which menstruation took place
with neither uterus nor ovary. Doubtless many authentic instances like
the preceding could be found to-day. Menstruation after hysterectomy
and ovariotomy has been attributed to the incomplete removal of the
organs in question, yet upon postmortem examination of some cases no
vestige of the functional organs in question has been found.

Hematemesis is a means of anomalous menstruation, and several instances
are recorded. Marcellus Donatus and Benivenius exemplify this with
cases. Instances of vicarious and compensatory epistaxis and hemoptysis
are so common that any examples would be superfluous. There is recorded
an inexplicable case of menstruation from the region of the sternum,
and among the curious anomalies of menstruation must be mentioned that
reported by Parvin seen in a woman, who, at the menstrual epoch,
suffered hemoptysis and oozing of blood from the lips and tongue.
Occasionally there was a substitution of a great swelling of the
tongue, rendering mastication and articulation very difficult for four
or five days. Parvin gives portraits showing the venous congestion and
discoloration of the lips.

Instances of migratory menstruation, the flow moving periodically from
the ordinary passage to the breasts and mammae, are found in the older
writers. Salmuth speaks of a woman on whose hands appeared spots
immediately before the establishment of the menses. Cases of
semimonthly menstruation and many similar anomalies of periodicity are
spoken of.

The Ephemerides contains an instance of the simulation of menstruation
after death, and Testa speaks of