he hymen could
be left intact and the product of conception be born alive.

A natural sequence to the subject of impregnation without entrance is
that of artificial impregnation. From being a matter of wonder and
hearsay, it has been demonstrated as a practical and useful method in
those cases in which, by reason of some unfortunate anatomic
malformation on either the male or the female side, the marriage is
unfruitful. There are many cases constantly occurring in which the
birth of an heir is a most desirable thing in a person's life. The
historic instance of Queen Mary of England, whose anxiety and efforts
to bear a child were the subject of public comment and prayers, is but
an example of a fact that is occurring every day, and doubtless some of
these cases could be righted by the pursuance of some of the methods
suggested.

There have been rumors from the beginning of the century of women being
impregnated in a bath, from contact with cloths containing semen, etc.,
and some authorities in medical jurisprudence have accepted the
possibility of such an occurrence. It is not in the province of this
work to speculate on what may be, but to give authoritative facts, from
which the reader may draw his own deductions. Fertilization of plants
has been thought to have been known in the oldest times, and there are
some who believe that the library at Alexandria must have contained
some information relative to it. The first authentic account that we
have of artificial impregnation is that of Schwammerdam, who in 1680
attempted it without success by the fecundation of the eggs of fish.
Roesel, his scholar, made an attempt in 1690, but also failed; and to
Jacobi, in 1700, belongs the honor of success. In 1780, Abbe
Spallanzani, following up the success of Jacobi, artificially
impregnated a bitch, who brought forth in sixty-two days 3 puppies, all
resembling the male. The illustrious John Hunter advised a man
afflicted with hypospadias to impregnate his wife by vaginal injections
of semen in water with an ordinary syringe, and, in spite of the
simplicity of this method, the attempt was followed by a successful
issue. Since this time, Nicholas of Nancy and Lesueur have practised
the simple vaginal method; while Gigon, d'Angouleme (14 cases), Girault
(10 cases), Marion Sims, Thomas, Salmon, Pajot, Gallard, Courty,
Roubaud, Dehaut, and others have used the more modern uterine method
with success.

A dog-breeder, by syringing the