d child, mentions that menstruation had persisted
during the mother's pregnancy. Rousset reports a peculiar case in which
menstruation appeared during the last four months of pregnancy.

There are some cases on record of child-bearing after the menopause,
as, for instance, that of Pearson, of a woman who had given birth to
nine children up to September, 1836; after this the menses appeared
only slightly until July, 1838, when they ceased entirely. A year and a
half after this she was delivered of her tenth child. Other cases,
somewhat similar, will be found under the discussion of late conception.

Precocious menstruation is seen from birth to nine or ten years. Of
course, menstruation before the third or fourth year is extremely rare,
most of the cases reported before this age being merely accidental
sanguineous discharges from the genitals, not regularly periodical, and
not true catamenia. However, there are many authentic cases of
infantile menstruation on record, which were generally associated with
precocious development in other parts as well. Billard says that the
source of infantile menstruation is the lining membrane of the uterus;
but Camerer explains it as due to ligature of the umbilical cord before
the circulation in the pulmonary vessels is thoroughly established. In
the consideration of this subject, we must bear in mind the influence
of climate and locality on the time of the appearance of menstruation.
In the southern countries, girls arrive at maturity at an earlier age
than their sisters of the north. Medical reports from India show early
puberty of the females of that country. Campbell remarks that girls
attain the age of puberty at twelve in Siam, while, on the contrary,
some observers report the fact that menstruation does not appear in the
Esquimaux women until the age of twenty-three, and then is very scanty,
and is only present in the summer months.

Cases of menstruation commencing within a few days after birth and
exhibiting periodical recurrence are spoken of by Penada, Neues
Hannoverisehes Magazin, Drummond, Buxtorf, Arnold, The Lancet, and the
British Medical Journal.

Cecil relates an instance of menstruation on the sixth day, continuing
for five days, in which six or eight drams of blood were lost. Peeples
cites an instance in Texas in an infant at the age of five days, which
was associated with a remarkable development of the genital organs and
breasts. Van Swieten offers an exampl