t," the famous Indian long-distance runner, died on the
Cattaraugus Reservation in January, 1896. His proper name was Louis
Bennett, the name "Deerfoot" having been given to him for his prowess
in running. He was born on the reservation in 1828. In 1861 he went to
England, where he defeated the English champion runners. In April,
1863, he ran 11 miles in London in fifty-six minutes fifty-two seconds,
and 12 miles in one hour two minutes and two and one-half seconds, both
of which have stood as world's records ever since.

In Japan, at the present day, the popular method of conveyance, both in
cities and in rural districts, is the two-wheeled vehicle, looking like
a baby-carriage, known to foreigners as the jinrickisha, and to the
natives as the kuruma. In the city of Tokio there is estimated to be
38,000 of these little carriages in use. They are drawn by coolies, of
whose endurance remarkable stories are told. These men wear light
cotton breeches and a blue cotton jacket bearing the license number,
and the indispensable umbrella hat. In the course of a journey in hot
weather the jinrickisha man will gradually remove most of his raiment
and stuff it into the carriage. In the rural sections he is covered
with only two strips of cloth, one wrapped about his head and the other
about his loins. It is said that when the roadway is good, these "human
horses" prefer to travel bare-footed; when working in the mud they wrap
a piece of straw about each big toe, to prevent slipping and to give
them a firmer grip. For any of these men a five-mile spurt on a good
road without a breathing spell is a small affair. A pair of them will
roll a jinrickisha along a country road at the rate of four miles an
hour, and they will do this eight hours a day. The general average of
the distance traversed in a day is 25 miles. Cockerill, who has
recently described these men, says that the majority of them die early.
The terrible physical strain brings on hypertrophy and valvular
diseases of the heart, and many of them suffer from hernia.
Occasionally one sees a veteran jinrickisha man, and it is interesting
to note how tenderly he is helped by his confreres. They give him
preference as regards wages, help push his vehicle up heavy grades, and
show him all manner of consideration.

Figure 180 represents two Japanese porters and their usual load, which
is much more difficult to transport than a jinrickisha carriage. In
other Eastern countries, pa