t is required
for a full elucidation of its past history. We have, however, a tolerable
acquaintance with the two higher groups--mammalia and birds, both of Borneo
and of all the surrounding countries, and to these alone will it be
necessary to refer in any detail. The most convenient course, and that
which will make the subject easiest for the reader, will be to give, first,
a connected sketch of what is known of the zoology of Borneo itself, with
the main conclusions to which they point; and then to discuss the mutual
relations of some of {376} the adjacent islands, and the series of
geographical changes that seem required to explain them.
ZOOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BORNEO.
_Mammalia._--Nearly a hundred and forty species of mammalia have been
discovered in Borneo, and of these more than three-fourths are identical
with those of the surrounding countries, and more than one half with those
of the continent. Among these are two lemurs, nine civets, five cats, five
deer, the tapir, the elephant, the rhinoceros, and many squirrels, an
assemblage which could certainly only have reached the country by land. The
following species of mammalia are supposed to be peculiar to Borneo:--
QUADRUMANA.
1. Simia morio. A small orangutan
with large incisor teeth.
2. Hylobates mulleri.
3. Nasalis larvatus.
4. Semnopithecus rubicundus.
5. " chrysomelas.
6. " frontatus.
7. " hosei. (Thomas.) Kini Balu.
CARNIVORA.
8. Herpestes semitorquatus.
9. Felis badia.
UNGULATA.
10. Sus barbatus.
RODENTIA.
11. Pteromys phaeomelas.
12. Sciurus jentinki. (Th.) Kini Balu.
13. Sciurus whiteheadi. (Th.) Kini Balu.
14. " everetti.
15. Rheithrosciurus macrotis.
16. Hystrix crassispinis.
17. Trichys guentheri.
18. Mus infraluteus. (Th.) Kini Balu.
19. " alticola. (Th.) Kini Balu.
INSECTIVORA.
20. Tupaia splendidula.
21. " minor.
22. " dorsalis.
23. Dendrogale murina.
CHIROPTERA.
24. Vesperugo stenopterus.
25. " doriae
26. Cynopterus brachyotus.
27. " lucasii.
28. " spadiceus.
29. Hipposideros doriae.
Of the twenty-nine peculiar species here enumerated it is possible that a
few may be found to be identical with those of Malacca or Sumatra; but
there are also four peculiar genera which are less likely to be discovered
elsewhere. These are Nasalis, the remarkable long-nosed m
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