cus._ Also Siberia and China. This is the _M. italsi_ of
the Fauna Japonica according to Dr. Gray.

25. _Lutronectes whiteleyi._ A new genus and species of otter
(_P. Z. S._ 1867, p. 180). In the Fauna Japonica named _Lutra
vulgaris_.

26. Enhydris marina. The sea-otter of California and Kamschatka.

27. _Canis hodophylax._ According to Dr. Gray allied to _Cuon
sumatranus_ of the Malay Islands, and _C. alpinus_ of Siberia, if not
identical with one of them (_P. Z. S._ 1868, p. 500).

28. _Vulpes japonica._ A peculiar fox. _Canis vulpes_ of Fauna
Japonica.

29. Nyctereutes procyonoides. The racoon-dog of N. China and Amoorland.

30. _Lepus brachyurus._ A peculiar hare.

31. _Sciurus lis._ A peculiar squirrel.

32. _Pteromys leucogenys._ The white-cheeked flying squirrel.

33. _P. momoga._ Perhaps identical with a Cambojan species (_P. Z. S._
1861, p. 137).

34. _Myoxus japonicus._ A peculiar dormouse. _M. elegans_ of the Fauna
Japonica; _M. javanicus_, Schinz (_Synopsis Mammalium_, ii. p. 530).

35. _Mus argenteus._ China.

36. _Mus molossinus._

37. _M. nezumi._

38. _M. speciosus._

39. _Cervus sika._ A peculiar deer allied to _C. pseudaxis_ of Formosa
and _C. mantchuricus_ of Northern China.

40. _Nemorhedus crispa._ A goat-like antelope allied to _N. sumatranus_
of Sumatra, and _N. Swinhoei_ of Formosa.

41. _Sus leucomystax._ A wild boar allied to _S. taeranus_ of Formosa.

We thus find that no less than twenty-six out of the forty-one Japanese
mammals are peculiar, and if we omit the aerial bats (nine in number), as
well as the marine sea-otter, we shall have remaining only thirty strictly
land mammalia, of which twenty-five are peculiar, or five-sixths of the
whole. Nor does this represent all their speciality; for we have a mole
differing in its dentition from the European mole; another superficially
resembling but quite distinct from an American species; a peculiar genus of
otters; and an antelope whose nearest allies are in Formosa and Sumatra.
The importance of these facts will {396} be best understood when we have
examined the corresponding affinities of the birds of Japan.

_Birds._--Owing to the recent researches of some English residents we have
probably a fuller knowledge of the birds than of the mammalia; yet the
number of true land-birds ascertained to inhabit the islands eit