l Climates--How Far Different from those of Mr. Croll--Supposed
Limitations of Geological Time--Time Amply Sufficient both for Geological
and Biological Development--Insular Faunas and Floras--The North Atlantic
Islands--The Galapagos--St. Helena and the Sandwich Islands--Great Britain
as a Recent Continental Island--Borneo and Java--Japan and
Formosa--Madagascar as an Ancient Continental Island--Celebes and New
Zealand as Anomalous Islands--The Flora of New Zealand and its Origin--The
European Element in the South Temperate Floras--Concluding Remarks

_Pages_ 531-545

* * * * *

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MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

1. MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE TRUE JAYS _Frontispiece._

2. MAP SHOWING THE ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS _To face_ 31

3. MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF _PARUS PALUSTRIS_ _To face_ 66

4. A GLACIER WITH MORAINES (From Sir C. Lyell's _Principles
of Geology_) 109

5. MAP OF THE ANCIENT RHONE GLACIER (From Sir C. Lyell's
_Antiquity of Man_) 110

6. DIAGRAM SHOWING THE EFFECTS OF EXCENTRICITY AND PRECESSION
ON CLIMATE 127

7. DIAGRAM OF EXCENTRICITY AND PRECESSION 129

8. MAP SHOWING THE EXTENT OF THE NORTH AND SOUTH POLAR ICE 138

9. DIAGRAM SHOWING CHANGES OF EXCENTRICITY DURING THREE MILLION
YEARS 171

10. OUTLINE MAP OF THE AZORES 248

11. MAP OF BERMUDA AND THE AMERICAN COAST 263

12. SECTION OF BERMUDA AND ADJACENT SEA-BOTTOM 264

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13. MAP OF THE GALAPAGOS AND ADJACENT COASTS OF SOUTH AMERICA 276

14. MAP OF THE GALAPAGOS 277

15. MAP OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC, SHOWING POSITION OF ST. HELENA 293

16. MAP OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 311

17. MAP OF THE NORTH PACIFIC, WITH ITS SUBMERGED BANKS 312

18. MAP SHOWING THE BANK CONNECTING BRITAIN WITH THE CONTINENT 333

19. MAP OF BORNEO AND JAVA, SHOWING THE GREAT SUBMARINE BANK OF
SOUTH-E