d in, 156;
peculiar attitude of, 156-157;
secedes from the Union, 158;
demands surrender of Sumter, 172;
anger against, 173-4;
Sherman's march through, 201

Southern Confederacy, anticipated by Jackson, 102;
formed, 169.
(_See also_ Confederate States.)

Spain, Columbus sails from, 1;
claims the New World, 3;
decline of, 9;
Louisiana transferred to, 10;
dominated by Napoleon, 68;
Burr seeks support from, 73;
proposes war with, 74;
neutral in war of 1812..82;
U.S. complaints against, 86-87;
sells Florida to U.S., 87; war with, 234

Spanish Colonies, 1, 3; revolt of, 87

"Spoils System," the, Jefferson accused of originating, 68;
Jackson inaugurates, 96;
effect of, 109

Spottsylvania, Battle of, 198

"Squatter Sovereignty," hostile nickname for "Popular Sovereignty"
(_q.v._), 142

Stamp Act, imposed, 14;
resistance to, 15-16;
repealed, 17

Stanton, appointed Secretary for War, 194;
dismissal of, 219

Stars and Bars, the flag of the Confederacy, 173

Stars and Stripes, the, origin of, 35;
South Carolina hands down, 158;
affection of Davis for, 167;
anger at affront to, 173-174;
first appearance of, on European battlefields, 239-240

States, independence of, recognized severally, 35;
powers of, under the Constitution, 44;
representation of, in Congress, 47

State Sovereignty, question of, left undefined by the Convention, 43;
doctrine of, affirmed by Quincey, 70;
Hartford Convention takes its stand on, 82;
Calhoun maintains, 111;
extreme view of, taken by South Carolina, 156-157;
Lincoln avoids overt challenge to, 171;
Virginia's adherence to, 174-175;
Lee's belief in, 175-176;
Kentucky's interpretation of, 177-178

Stephens, Alexander H., opposes secession of Georgia, 161;
chosen Vice-President of the Confederacy, 169;
on Slavery, 170;
urges claims of Negroes, 212

Stevens, Thaddeus, dictator of Reconstruction policy, 214;
his character and aims, 214-216;
compels House to accept his leadership, 216;
mover in Impeachment of Johnson, 218;
death of, 224

Stowe, Mrs. Beecher, 132, 133, 136

Sumner, Charles, enters Senate, 139;
his speeches and beating, 151;
spokesman of Radicals, 205;
his character, 205;
misunderstands Declaration of Independence, 205-207;
censures Grant's report, 213;
not director of Reconstruction, 214;
his scruple about mentioning black men, 217;
his opinion o