ures were very common. Beyond these one of the most frequent
primary deformities was that we familiarly spoke of as the 'slipper
form' (No. 1, fig. 28). This results from light glancing contact of the
tip with a hard body: in it the mantle of the bullet is rarely
fractured, and the deformity itself is of slight importance, except in
so far as it may influence the direction of the wound track, which
acquires a tendency to be curved. The tip of the bullet is slightly
flattened and turned up, down, or to one side, according to the point
struck. I saw this deformity frequently, both with Lee-Metford and
Mauser bullets. Nos. 2, 3, and 4 are more pronounced degrees of the same
type of deformity, accompanied by more or less extensive fissuring of
the mantle. No. 4 illustrates the turning out of the longitudinally
fissured mantle in such a way as to make a cutting flange. I have seen
such bullets removed, and the variety is of some importance as
materially increasing the cutting capabilities of the bullet, and
augmenting its area of destructive action. No. 5, fig. 29, is the only
form I have not seen removed, but such a bullet would account for some
of the long irregular gutter wounds observed, if it retained sufficient
velocity to strike with any force.

[Illustration: FIG. 29.--'Disc'-shaped Lateral Ricochet. This form is of
little practical importance, as the velocity retained by the bullet is
low, and no perforating power would be retained. It is inserted
separately in order to complete the series, shown in fig. 28.]

Fig. 30 illustrates complete longitudinal fissuring of the mantle. Such
mantles are common, and still more so are the opened-out sheets such as
is shown still attached in fig. 29. Free mantles are often very numerous
on stony ground, but are of little importance, since I never saw
fragments of them removed or impacted. They probably travel a very short
distance after their formation, and if they did strike would possess
little power of penetration. The freed leaden cores do, however,
sometimes enter the body, and some of the specimens removed have been
referred to the use of expanding bullets. In all the Mauser specimens
the longitudinal direction of the fissuring of the mantle is striking.

[Illustration: FIG. 30.--Ruptured Mauser Mantle, to illustrate the
tendency to complete longitudinal fissuring]

Fig. 31 represents bullets removed from the body and illustrates types
of deformity due to impact with the