tempted to show.

Of course there must be conditions of transition where the relations
between free states which would normally be in union, or between
detached portions of what would normally be a unitary state,
temporarily assume a form which is partly one of union or merger, and
partly of dependency. The justification of all such forms of
relationship must, it would seem, be found in the fundamental right
which every independent state, whether a Justiciar state or not, has
to the preservation of its existence and its leadership or
judgeship--that is, in the right of self-preservation, which, when
necessary to be invoked, overrules all other rights. On this theory
must, it would seem, be explained the relations between the American
Union and its Territories, between Germany and Alsace-Lorraine, and
between England and Ireland. On this theory of self-preservation,
also, must, it would seem, be explained the permanent relationship of
dependency which exists between the District of Columbia and the
American Union--such dependency being necessary to the preservation of
the life of the Union.

Out of the conception of a universal common law of nature and of
nations which governs all human acts and relationships,--and therefore
all the acts and relationships of states and nations as well as of
men, bodies corporate and communities,--there has arisen and at the
present time exists, a science of the universal and common law of the
state, called the Science of the Law of the State, which concerns
itself with the internal relations of a state to its people, its
bodies corporate and its communities, and a science of the universal
and common law of independent states, called the Science of
International Law, which concerns itself with the occasional and
temporary relations of independent states. The great field of law
which concerns the permanent relations of free states is not yet
covered by a recognized science. Must there not therefore emerge from
this conception of a universal and common law of nature and of
nations, a third science of law, covering this field, which will take
as its basal proposition the doctrine that free statehood is the
normal and rightful condition of all communities on the earth's
surface within suitable limits for the formation of a just public
sentiment, and which will concern itself with the permanent relations
between free states? As such permanent relations must always be by
just connection, eit