CASTREN, MATTHIAS ALEXANDER
CARVER, JONATHAN CASTRENSIS, PAULUS
CARVING CASTRES
CARVING AND GILDING CASTRO, INEZ DE
CARY, ALICE, and PHOEBE CASTRO, JOAO DE
CARY, ANNIE LOUISE CASTROGIOVANNI
CARY, HENRY FRANCIS CASTRO URDIALES
CARYATIDES CASTRO Y BELLVIS, GUILLEN DE
CARYL, JOSEPH CASTRUCCIO DEGLI ANTELMINELLI
CARYOPHYLLACEAE CASTRUM MINERVAE
CASABIANCA, RAPHAEL CASUARINA
CASABLANCA CASUISTRY
CASALE MONFERRATO CASUS BELLI

CARNEGIE, ANDREW (1837- ), American "captain of industry" and
benefactor, was born in humble circumstances in Dunfermline, Scotland,
on the 25th of November 1837. In 1848 his father, who had been a
Chartist, emigrated to America, settling in Allegheny City,
Pennsylvania. The raw Scots lad started work at an early age as a
bobbin-boy in a cotton factory, and a few years later was engaged as a
telegraph clerk and operator. His capacity was perceived by Mr T.A.
Scott of the Pennsylvania railway, who employed him as a secretary; and
in 1859, when Scott became vice-president of the company, he made
Carnegie superintendent of the western division of the line. In this
post he was responsible for several improvements in the service; and
when the Civil War opened he accompanied Scott, then assistant secretary
of war, to the front. The first sources of the enormous wealth he
subsequently attained were his introduction of sleeping-cars for
railways, and his purchase (1864) of Storey Farm on Oil Creek, where a
large profit was secured from the oil-wells. But this was only a
preliminary to the success attending his development of the iron and
steel industries at Pittsburg. Foreseeing the extent to which the demand
would grow in America for iron and steel, he started the Keystone Bridge
works, built the Edgar Thomson steel-rail mill, bought out the rival
Homestead steel works, and by 1888 had under his control an extensive
plant served by tributary coal and iron fields, a railway 425 m. long,
and a line of lake steamships. As years went by, the various Carnegie
companies represented in this industry prospered to such an extent that
in 1901, when they were incorporated in the United States Steel
Corporation, a trust organized by Mr J. Pierpont Morgan, and Mr Car