ccessfully. Thus
they died, some with arms in their hands, some as emigrants, others
submitted in order to preserve their faith, even under the greatest
oppression, or were forcibly constrained to become Catholics. Thus
ended this insurrection with the total devastation of the province and
the annihilation, or exile of a large portion of its inhabitants. Since
then, in the South of France, merely a war of opinion, lay smouldering,
which after the restoration of the Bourbons in the year 1815, gave rise
to frightful scenes in Nismes, and at other places. Only when in March
1819, a great number of the inhabitants of the Cevennes threatened the
town of Nismes--"Thirty thousand men are ready to descend from their
mountains, with the weapons of despair, if the salvation of their
brethren demand it,"--the persecutions of the Protestants were put a
stop to. See "Histoire des Camisards," (2 vols, London, 1744) Court de
Gebelin, "Le Patriote francais et impartial," (2 vols, Villefranche
1753) by the same "Histoire des troubles des Cevennes, ou de la guerre
des Camisards," (3 vols, Villefranche, 1760, new edition 1820) Schulz,
"Geschichte der Camisarden" (Weimar 1790), and Tieck's novel, "Der
Aufruhr in den Cevennen" (Berlin 1826).

[Footnote 1: Jean Cavalier, principal leader of the Camisards in the
war of the Cevennes, born 1679 in the village of Rebaute, near Anduse,
vas the son of a peasant, he lived at Geneva, and was employed in
agriculture, when the persecutions of the reformed inhabitants of the
Cevennes under Louis XIV. reached their highest pitch, and caused the
breaking out of the troubles, enflaming his enthusiasm for his faith,
and inducing him to return home. He was twenty-four years old, when he
placed himself at the head of armed multitudes, whom he knew how to
discipline with great art, and to rule over with transcendent talent,
leading them, with courage, circumspection and success against the
royal army. The confirmation of the treaty, which he, despairing of the
ultimate success of his cause, had concluded with Marshal Villars,
Louis XIV. sent to him accompanied with the commission of colonel, and
the grant of an annual pension of 1200 livres, permitting him at the
same time to raise a regiment of his own in the king's pay. Called to
Versailles by the Minister Chamillard, he saw that he was watched there
with distrust, and he fled secretly to England by way of Holland,
entering there into military service. In