open position by quaint wrought-iron turn buckles or gravitating catches
and other simple fasteners. That on the shutters of the Perot-Morris
house is the most prevalent pattern. The scroll at the bottom is longer
and heavier than the round, flattened, upper portion, so that the
fixture is kept in position by gravity. In this instance it is placed in
the masonry wall near the meeting stile of the shutter. A similar
fastener on the Chew house is placed in the window sill near the outer
stile of the shutter. Another type of turning fastener that was quite
popular is seen at Number 6043 Germantown Avenue, Germantown. It is
held in place by a long iron strap screwed to the window sill, and the
weight of the gravitating catch consists of a casting representing a
bunch of grapes. More primitive and less satisfactory in use and
appearance is the spring fastener bearing against the edge of the
shutter seen at Wyck. Crude as these fixtures were, they have hardly
been improved upon in principle, and similar designs of more finished
workmanship are still used in modern work.

Twelve appears to be the largest number of panes employed in a sliding
sash in Philadelphia architecture, even in public buildings, except a
few churches. There are such sashes in Independence Hall, Congress Hall,
Carpenters' Hall, the Free Quakers' Meeting House at Fifth and Arch
streets and the main building of the Pennsylvania Hospital. In Congress
Hall and Carpenters' Hall there are also round-topped windows with
twelve-paned lower sashes and upper sashes having ten small ornamental
panes to make up the semicircle above twelve rectangular panes. A few
similar windows with seven ornamental panes in the round top are to be
seen in Christ Church.

[Illustration: PLATE LXVIII.--- Parlor, Stenton; Reception Room,
Stenton.]

[Illustration: PLATE LXIX.--Dining Room, Stenton; Library, Stenton.]

The Old Swedes' Church has a few rectangular windows with fifteen-and
sixteen-paned upper and lower sashes, while over the front entrance
there is a window having a twelve-paned upper and a sixteen-paned
lower sash. In Christ Church are to be seen two windows having ten-paned
upper and fifteen-paned lower sashes set in a recessed round brick arch.
For the most part, however, the church windows of this period were
round-topped, the upper sash being higher than the lower. Most of the
windows of St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church have fifteen-paned
lower sashes, the