ova 450 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Norway 2,348 km,
Russia 2,257 km, San Marino 39 km, Serbia 945 km, Switzerland 1,811
km, Turkey 446 km, Ukraine 1,257 km
note: data for European Continent only

Coastline:
65,992.9 km

Maritime claims:
NA

Climate:
cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate;
mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south

Terrain:
fairly flat along the Baltic and Atlantic coast; mountainous in the
central and southern areas

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lammefjord, Denmark -7 m; Zuidplaspolder, Netherlands
-7 m
highest point: Mont Blanc 4,807 m; note - situated on the border
between France and Italy

Natural resources:
iron ore, natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, lead, zinc,
bauxite, uranium, potash, salt, hydropower, arable land, timber, fish

Land use:
arable land: NA%
permanent crops: NA%
other: NA%

Irrigated land:
168,050 sq km (2003 est.)

Natural hazards:
flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes
in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in
Spain; ice floes in the Baltic

Environment - current issues:
NA

Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94,
Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 82, Tropical
Timber 94
signed but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

People European Union

Population:
486,642,177 (July 2006 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 16.03% (male 37,608,010/female 35,632,351)
15-64 years: 67.17% (male 154,439,536/female 152,479,619)
65 years and over: 16.81% (male 31,515,921/female 45,277,821) (2006
est.)

Median age:
NA

Population growth rate:
0.15% (2006 est.)

Birth rate:
10 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate:
10.1 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Net migration rate:
1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: NA
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female

Infant mortality rate:
total: 5.1 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live birt