as easy to elude all his applications. When Lord Digby, his ambassador
to the emperor, had desired a cessation of hostilities, he was referred
to the duke of Bavaria, who commanded the Austrian armies. The duke of
Bavaria told him, that it was entirely superfluous to form any treaty
for that purpose. "Hostilities are already ceased," said he, "and I
doubt not but I shall be able to prevent their revival, by keeping firm
possession of the Palatinate, till a final agreement shall be concluded
between the contending parties."[*]

* Franklyn, p. 57. Rushworth, vol. i. p 38.

Notwithstanding this insult, James endeavored to resume with the emperor
a treaty of accommodation; and he opened the negotiations at Brussels,
under the mediation of Archduke Albert; and, after his death,
which happened about this time, under that of the infanta: when the
conferences were entered upon, it was found, that the powers of
these princes to determine in the controversy were not sufficient or
satisfactory. Schwartzenbourg, the imperial minister, was expected at
London; and it was hoped that he would bring more ample authority: his
commission referred entirely to the negotiation at Brussels. It was not
difficult for the king to perceive that his applications were neglected
by the emperor; but as he had no choice of any other expedient, and it
seemed the interest of his son-in-law to keep alive his pretensions
he was still content to follow Ferdinand through all his shifts and
evasions. Nor was he entirely discouraged, even when the imperial diet
at Ratisbon, by the influence, or rather authority of the emperor,
though contrary to the protestation of Saxony, and of all the Protestant
princes and cities, had transferred the electoral dignity from the
palatine to the duke of Bavaria.

Meanwhile the efforts made by Frederic for the recovery of his
dominions, were vigorous. Three armies were levied in Germany by his
authority, under three commanders, Duke, Christian of Brunswick, the
prince of Baden-Dourlach, and Count Mansfeldt. The two former generals
were defeated by Count Tilly and the imperialists: the third, though
much inferior in force to his enemies, still maintained the war; but
with no equal supplies of money either from the palatine or the king of
England. It was chiefly by pillage and free quarters in the Palatinate,
that he subsisted his army. As the Austrians were regularly paid,
they were kept in more exact discipline; and Ja