asylum for our
fugitives and send them and their hired outlaws upon us from depots
and rendezvous in the bordering states."

[9] _Toronto Weekly Globe_, Dec. 28, 1859.

[10] _Toronto Weekly Globe_, Dec. 28, 1859.

[11] _Ibid._, Dec. 23, 1859.

[12] _Ibid._, July 20, 1860.

[13] _Harper's Ferry Invasion, Report of Senatorial Committee_, pp. 2
and 7.

[14] _Harper's Ferry Invasion, Report of Senatorial Committee_, p. 99.

[15] Hinton, _John Brown and His Men_, pp. 504-507.

[16] _Ibid._, appendix, p. 704. See also report of Senatorial
Committee, p. 97.

[17] Hinton, _John Brown and His Men_, pp. 171-172.

[18] _Ibid._, p. 175.

[19] _Report of Senatorial Committee_, p. 97.

[20] Sanborn, _Life and Letters of John Brown_, pp. 457-8.

[21] Sanborn, _Life and Letters of John Brown_, pp. 536-538, 547.

[22] Hinton, _John Brown and His Men_, pp. 261-263.

THE NEGRO AND THE SPANISH PIONEER IN THE NEW WORLD

Negro slaves probably made their first appearance in the New World in
1502. Those who came in the beginning were Christians and personal
servants of masters who had acquired them in Spain, but soon
afterwards, thanks to the influence of the religious order of
_Predicatores_ and of the more famous Las Casas, they began to be
introduced directly from Africa, in order that the sufferings of the
Indians who were dying out under the Spanish system of forced labor
might be alleviated.[1] By the close of the second decade of the
sixteenth century no inconsiderable number had been brought over,
and a perusal of the early accounts of the exploits of the
_Conquistadores_ will reveal the fact that the Negro participated in
the exploration and occupation of nearly every important region from
New Mexico to Chile. As personal attendants of the Spanish Pioneers,
as burden-bearers and drudges connected with exploration and the
founding of colonies, they played an indispensable though
inconspicuous role in one of the greatest achievements which history
records. Such accounts of their service as have been preserved are,
for the most part, accidental: only when he performed an act of
unusual heroism or connected himself with a strange or humorous
occurrence was the Negro's name placed alongside of that of his
Spanish master where it is destined to remain for all time.

When Balboa set out from Darien on the tour of exploration which
resulted in the discovery of the South Sea, at least one Negro, Nufio
de Olano,