said they would enter the covered way, it seems that our
ancients looked not gently at them; for with these Black Mexicans came
many Indians of So-no-li, as they call it now, ... who were enemies of
our ancients. Therefore, these our ancients, being always
bad-tempered, and quick to anger, made fools of themselves after their
fashion, rushing into their town and out of their town, shouting,
skipping and shooting with their sling-stones and arrows and tossing
their war-clubs. Then the Indians of So-no-li set up a great howl, and
thus they and our ancients did much ill to one another. Then and thus
was killed by our ancients, right where the stone stands down by the
arroyo of Kya-ki-me, one of the Black Mexicans, a large man, with
chilli lips [_i.e._, lips swollen from eating chilli peppers], and
some of the Indians they killed, catching others. Then the rest ran
away, chased by our grandfathers, and went back toward their country
in the Land of Everlasting Summer...."[11]

J. FRED RIPPY.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Jose Antonio Saco, _Historia de la Esclavitud ..._ (Barcelona,
1879), IV, 57 ff.

[2] Saco, _op. cit._, IV, 74, 75, 178; Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo,
_Historia General ..._ tom. 3, lib. 29, cap. 3.

[3] Dec. 2, lib. 10, cap. 4; Bernal Diaz del Castillo, _Conquista de
Nueva-Espana_, cap. 124.

[4] Herrera, dec. 5, lib. 5, cap. 7-9.

[5] Dec. 3, lib. 10, cap. 5.

[6] Herrera, _op. cit._, dec. 5, lib. 10, cap. 1, 2, y 3.

[7] Saco, _op. cit._ IV, 166.

[8] _Ibid._, IV, 170.

[9] Pedro de Casteneda, "Account of the Expedition to Cibola which
took place in the year 1540 ...," translated in _Spanish Explorers in
the Southern United States_ (J. F. Jameson, ed.), pp. 289-290.

[10] _Spanish Settlements in the United States_, 1513-1561, pp.
278-280.

[11] Quoted in Lowery, _op. cit._, pp. 281-282.

THE ECONOMIC CONDITION OF THE NEGROES OF NEW YORK PRIOR TO 1861

The institution of slavery existed in the State of New York until
1827. The number of slaves had increased from 6,000 slaves in 1700 to
21,000 in 1790.[1] Moved by the struggle for the rights of man, the
legislature of New York passed in 1799 an act of emancipation,
providing that all children born of slave parents after July 4 ensuing
should be free and subject to apprenticeship in the case of males
until the age of 28, and of the females until the age of 25, while the
exportation of slaves was fo