te expedition established posts up to the seventh parallel of north
latitude. In 1893 the dervish amir, Abu Mariam, fought with the Dinka
tribe and was killed and his force destroyed, the fugitives taking
refuge in Shakka. In the following year the Congo expedition
established further posts, and in consequence the khalifa sent 3000
men, under the amir Khatem Musa, from Shakka to reoccupy the
Bahr-el-Ghazal. The Belgians at Liffi retired before him, and he
entered Faroga. Famine and disease broke out in Khatem Musa's camp in
1895, and a retreat was made towards Kordofan.

_Equatoria._--In the Equatorial Province, which extended from the
Albert Nyanza to Lado, Emin Bey, who had a force of 1300 Egyptian
troops and 3000 irregulars, distributed among many stations, held out,
hoping for reinforcements. In March 1885, however, Amadi fell to the
dervishes, and on the 18th of April Karamalla arrived near Lado, the
capital, and sent to inform Emin of the fall of Khartum. Emin and
Captain Casati, an Italian, moved south to Wadelai, giving up the
northern posts, and opened friendly relations with Kabarega, king of
Unyoro. On the 26th of February 1886 Emin received despatches from
Cairo via Zanzibar, from which he learned all that had occurred during
the previous three years, and that "he might take any step he liked,
should he decide to leave the country." He determined to remain where
he was and "hold together, as long as possible, the remnant of the
last ten years." His troops were in a mutinous state, wishing to go
north rather than south, as Emin had ordered them to do, and
unsuccessfully endeavoured to carry him with them by force.

His communications to Europe through Zanzibar led to the relief
expedition under H. M. Stanley, which went to his rescue by way of the
Congo in 1887, and after encountering incredible dangers and
experiencing innumerable sufferings, met with Emin and Casati at
Nsabe, on the Albert Nyanza, on the 29th of April 1888. Stanley went
back in May to pick up his belated rearguard, leaving Mounteney
Jephson and a small escort to accompany Emin round his province. The
southern garrisons decided to go with Emin, but the troops at Labore
mutinied, and a general revolt broke out, headed by Fadl-el-Maula,
governor of Fabbo. On arriving at Dufile in August 1888, Emin and
Jephson were made prisoners by the Egyptian mutineers. In the meantime