ties to the east. The air of
the Dartmoor highlands is sharp and bracing. Mists are frequent, and
snow often lies long. On the south coast frost is little known, and many
half hardy plants, such as hydrangeas, myrtles, geraniums and
heliotropes, live through the winter without protection. The climate of
Sidmouth, Teignmouth, Torquay and other watering places on this coast is
very equable, the mean temperature in January being 43.6 deg. at Plymouth.
The north coast, exposed to the storms and swell of the Atlantic, is
more bracing; although there also, in the more sheltered nooks (as at
Combe Martin), myrtles of great size and age flower freely, and produce
their annual crop of berries.

Rather less than three-quarters of the total area of the county is under
cultivation; the cultivated area falling a little below the average of
the English counties. There are, however, about 160,000 acres of hill
pasture in addition to the area in permanent pasture, which is more than
one-half that of the cultivated area. The Devon breed of cattle is well
adapted both for fattening and for dairy purposes; while sheep are kept
in great numbers on the hill pastures. Devonshire is one of the chief
cattle-farming and sheep-farming counties. It is specially famous for
two products of the dairy--the clotted cream to which it gives its name,
and junket. Of the area under grain crops, oats occupy about three times
the acreage under wheat or barley. The bulk of the acreage under green
crops is occupied by turnips, swedes and mangold. Orchards occupy a
large acreage, and consist chiefly of apple-trees, nearly every farm
maintaining one for the manufacture of cider.

_Fisheries._--Though the fisheries of Devon are less valuable than those
of Cornwall, large quantities of the pilchard and herrings caught in
Cornish waters are landed at Plymouth. Much of the fishing is carried on
within the three-mile limit; and it may be asserted that trawling is the
main feature of the Devonshire industry, whereas seining and driving
characterize that of Cornwall. Pilchard, cod, sprats, brill, plaice,
soles, turbot, shrimps, lobsters, oysters and mussels are met with,
besides herring and mackerel, which are fairly plentiful. After
Plymouth, the principal fishing station is at Brixham, but there are
lesser stations in every bay and estuary.

_Other Industries._--The principal industrial works in the county are
the various Government establishments at Plymouth and