TION

The diplomatic issue now became that over mobilization by Russia:
whether it was a threat of war against Austria-Hungary alone, or
against Germany as well.

On the day of Serbia's reply to the Austro-Hungarian note, July 25,
1914, General von Chelius, German honorary aide to the Czar, sent a
telegram to Kaiser William II through the German Foreign Office,
which stated:

"The maneuvers of the troops in the Krasnoe camp were suddenly
interrupted and the regiments returned to their garrisons at
once. The maneuvers have been cancelled. The military pupils were
raised to-day to the rank of officers instead of next fall. At
headquarters there obtains great excitement over the procedure of
Austria. I have the impression that complete preparations for
mobilization against Austria are being made."

On the same day Count Benckendorff, Russian Ambassador at London,
telegraphed M. Sazonof, Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs:

"Grey has told the German Ambassador [Prince Lichnowsky] that in
his opinion Austrian mobilization must lead to Russian
mobilization, that grave danger of a general war will thereupon
arise, and that he sees only one means of reaching a peaceful
settlement, namely, that, in view of the Austrian and Russian
mobilizations, Germany, France, Italy, and Great Britain should
abstain from immediate mobilization, and should at once offer
their good offices. Grey told me that the first essential of this
plan was the consent of Germany and her promise not to mobilize.
He has therefore, as a first step, made an inquiry on this point
at Berlin."

On the same day the German Chancellor, Dr. Bethmann-Hollweg,
telegraphed to Prince Lichnowsky:

"The distinction made by Sir Edward Grey between an
Austro-Serbian and an Austro-Russian conflict is perfectly
correct. We do not wish to interpose in the former any more than
England, and as heretofore we take the position that this
question must be localized by virtue of all powers refraining
from intervention. It is therefore our hope that Russia will
refrain from any action in view of her responsibility and the
seriousness of the situation. We are prepared, in the event of an
Austro-Russian controversy, quite apart from our known duties as
Allies, to intercede between Russia and Austria jointly with the
other powers."