rom
the Treaty referring to Belgium, in that Great Britain was bound
to require the observance of this latter Convention without the
assistance of the other guaranteeing powers, while with regard to
Luxemburg all the guaranteeing powers were to act in concert.

"The protection of Belgian neutrality is here considered so
important that Great Britain will regard its violation by Germany
as a _casus belli_. It is a specially British interest and there
is no doubt that the British Government, faithful to the
traditions of their policy, will insist upon it, even if the
business world in which German influence is making tenacious
efforts, exercises pressure to prevent the Government committing
itself against Germany."

M. Viviani replied to M. Paul Cambon that the promise of the British
Cabinet was "a first assistance which is most valuable to us."

"The help which Great Britain intends to give to France for the
protection of the French coasts or the French merchant marine,
will be used in such a way that our navy will also, in case of a
Franco-German conflict, be supported by the British fleet in the
Atlantic as well as in the North Sea and Channel. I would note
that British ports could not serve as places for revictualling
for the German fleet."

M. Viviani telegraphed to Ambassador Jules Cambon at Berlin to
protest to the German Government against the violation of the French
frontier by German armed forces, as "unjustified by anything in the
present situation."

"The Government of the Republic can only leave to the Imperial
Government the entire responsibility for these acts."

M. Marcellin Pellet, Minister at the Hague, telegraphed to M.
Viviani that the German Minister had called on M. Loudon, Dutch
Minister for Foreign Affairs, to explain the necessity for the
German violation of the neutrality of Luxemburg.

_Belgium._ M. Davignon, Secretary for Foreign Affairs, telegraphed
to the ministers at Paris, Berlin, London, Vienna, and St.
Petersburg, that he had warned the German Minister at Brussels, Herr
von Below Saleske, that the French Minister, M. Klobukowski, would
publish the formal declaration made by the German Minister on August
1, respecting Belgian neutrality.

"When I next met Herr von Below he thanked me for this attention,
and added that up to the present he had not been instructed to