o one ever surpassed Bentham in attention to it. Classify
and re-classify, to make sure that at every point your classes
correspond to realities. In the effort to carry out these principles,
Bentham at least brought innumerable questions to a sound test, and
exploded many pestilent fallacies. If he did not succeed further, if
whole spheres of thought remained outside of his vision, it was because
in his day there was not only no science of 'sociology' or
psychology--there are no such sciences now--but no adequate perception
of the vast variety of investigation which would be necessary to lay a
basis for them. But the effort to frame a science is itself valuable,
indeed of surpassing value, so far as it is combined with a genuine
respect for facts. It is common enough to attempt to create a science by
inventing technical terminology. Bentham tried the far wider and far
more fruitful method of a minute investigation of particular facts. His
work, therefore, will stand, however different some of the results may
appear when fitted into a different framework. And, therefore, however
crudely and imperfectly, Bentham did, as I believe, help to turn
speculation into a true and profitable channel. Of that, more will
appear hereafter; but, if any one doubts Bentham's services, I will only
suggest to him to compare Bentham with any of his British
contemporaries, and to ask where he can find anything at all comparable
to his resolute attempt to bring light and order into a chaotic infusion
of compromise and prejudice.

NOTES:

[463] _Works_, 'Civil Code' (from Dumont), i. 302, 305; _Ibid._
('Principles of Constitutional Code') ii. 271; _Ibid._ ('Constitutional
Code') ix. 15-18.

[464] _Works_, i. 306 _n._

[465] _Ibid._ ix. 15.

[466] _Ibid._ ('Principles of Penal Code') i. 311.

[467] _Ibid._ i. 312.

[468] _Works_, x. 440.

[469] _Ibid._ iii. 33, etc.

[470] _Ibid._ iii. 35.

[471] _Works_, ix. 5.

[472] _Ibid._ ix. 192.

[473] _Ibid._ ix. 7.

[474] _Works_, i. 212.

[475] _Ibid._ ix. 192.

[476] See, _e.g._, i. 83, where sympathy seems to be taken as an
ultimate pleasure; and ii. 133, where he says 'dream not that men will
move their little finger to serve you unless their advantage in so doing
be obvious to them.' See also the apologue of 'Walter Wise,' who becomes
Lord Mayor, and 'Timothy Thoughtless,' who ends at Botany Bay (i. 118),
giving the lowest kind of prudential morality. The manuscript of the
_